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Networking Coursework. G5.1

A bridge connects two local area networks using the same protocol and operates at the data link layer. It learns which devices are connected to each port and decides whether to forward or filter frames between the networks. A gateway connects two networks using different protocols, operating at multiple OSI layers. It translates between protocols and acts as an interface between local and wide area networks like the Internet.

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65 views13 pages

Networking Coursework. G5.1

A bridge connects two local area networks using the same protocol and operates at the data link layer. It learns which devices are connected to each port and decides whether to forward or filter frames between the networks. A gateway connects two networks using different protocols, operating at multiple OSI layers. It translates between protocols and acts as an interface between local and wide area networks like the Internet.

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mbaziira eddy
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Networking

COURSEWORK. GROUP 5
MEMBERS:
SOLOME NAMULI - SEP19/DCOMP/009U
COLLINS MUTAGWANYA
Bridges

 A bridge is a network device that connects Local area Networks on the


same protocol.

 A network bridge serves to create a single aggregate network from


multiple communication networks or network segments. This function is
called network bridging. Bridging connects two separate networks as if
they were a single network.
 In the OSI model, bridging is performed in the data link layer. If one or
more segments of the bridged network are wireless, the device is known as
a wireless bridge.
Classification
Simple bridging:
 A simple bridge connects two network segments by operating transparently and
deciding on a frame-by-frame basis whether or not to forward from one network
to the other.
 A store and forward technique are typically used so, as part of forwarding, the
frame integrity is verified on the source network and delays are accommodated on
the destination network.

Multi-port bridging:
 A multiport bridge connects multiple networks and operates transparently to
decide on a frame-by-frame basis whether to forward traffic. A multiport bridge
must decide where to forward traffic. Like the simple bridge, a multiport bridge
typically uses store and forward operation.
Types of bridges
Transparent bridge
 A device that ties two network segments together. Commonly used in Ethernet
networks and also called an "adaptive bridge," the transparent bridge learns which
node is connected to which port by examining the packets transmitted to the port.

 In the context of a two-port bridge, one can think of the forwarding information
base as a filtering database. A bridge reads a frame's destination address and
decides to either forward or filter. If the bridge determines that the destination
host is on another segment on the network, it forwards the frame to that segment.
If the destination address belongs to the same segment as the source address, the
bridge filters the frame, preventing it from reaching the other network where it is
not needed.
Source Routing Bridge:
 In source routing, the sending station is aware of all the bridges in the network and predetermines
the complete route to the destination station before transmitting.

 When a host wishes to send a packet to a destination for the first time, it needs to determine an
appropriate Routing information field. A special type of broadcast packet is used, which instructs
the network bridges to append their bridge number and network segment number to each packet
as it is forwarded. Loops are avoided by requiring each bridge to ignore packets which already
contain its bridge number in the RIF field.
Advantages of bridges
 Bridges can reduce network traffic on a segment by subdividing network communications
 Bridges reduce collisions
 Some bridges connect networks using different media types and architectures.

Disadvantages of Bridges
 They are slower compared to repeaters due to filtering.
 Do not filter broadcasts
 They are more expensive compared to repeaters
Gateways:
 A gateway is a network node(device) that connects together two networks that are using different
protocols. It acts as a gate between 2 devices and enables traffic to flow in and out of a network

 The gateway node is considered to be on the "edge" of the network as all data must flow through it
before coming in or going out of the network. It may also translate data received from outside
networks into a format or protocol recognized by devices within the internal network.
 Gateway works in OSI model’s all layer.
 A router is a common type of gateway used in home networks. It allows computers within the local
network to send and receive data over the Internet. A firewall is a more advanced type of gateway,
which filters inbound and outbound traffic, disallowing incoming data from suspicious or
unauthorized sources. communication between two networks using two different protocol.
Types of gateways
Bidirectional Gateway
 Bidirectional means data flows in both directions, whereas Unidirectional
means data flows in only one direction. A socket is created as a
bidirectional resource (capable of both sending and receiving), even if it is
only used in a unidirectional manner in code.

Unidirectional Gateway
 A unidirectional network (also referred to as a unidirectional gateway or
data diode) is a network appliance or device that allows data to travel in
only one direction
Gateway between 2 networks
How a gateway works

 A network gateway work like a firewall and filters packets.


 It also separates corporate network as intranet from a public network.
 A gateway performs as the interface between local and wide area protocols such
as TCP/IP on the Internet.
 A gateway supervises its client devices, gather their data and execute other task
Advantages of Gateway
 Gateways are being used to expand the network.
 It can work as a server that provides major security.
 Allows a connection between two different types of networks.
 Protocol conversions can be done with the gateway’s component.

Disadvantages of Gateway
 Gateways are so slower than the other devices network.
 More expensive than the other valuable devices.
 Never filter out the information/data.
 The transmission rate is slower.
The difference between a gateway and a
bridge
 A bridge is used only to transfer the frame to the expected destination, in a most
efficient path”.
 A gateway “converts the format of the packet in one protocol to the format of the
packet in another protocol”.

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