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    John Dalton

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    John Dalton was an English chemist born in 1766 who developed atomic theory. He proposed that all matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms and that atoms of a given element are identical but different from those of other elements. Dalton's atomic theory was based on the laws of conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions. While some of Dalton's atomic postulates were later disproven, his model of atoms as indivisible spheres laid the foundation for modern atomic theory.

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    John Dalton

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    Just Czarina
    52 views13 pages
    John Dalton was an English chemist born in 1766 who developed atomic theory. He proposed that all matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms and that atoms of a given element are identical but different from those of other elements. Dalton's atomic theory was based on the laws of conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions. While some of Dalton's atomic postulates were later disproven, his model of atoms as indivisible spheres laid the foundation for modern atomic theory.

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    John Dalton was an English chemist born in 1766 who developed atomic theory. He proposed that all matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms and that atoms of a given element are identical but different from those of other elements. Dalton's atomic theory was based on the laws of conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions. While some of Dalton's atomic postulates were later disproven, his model of atoms as indivisible spheres laid the foundation for modern atomic theory.

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    52 views13 pages

    John Dalton

    Uploaded by

    Just Czarina
    John Dalton was an English chemist born in 1766 who developed atomic theory. He proposed that all matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms and that atoms of a given element are identical but different from those of other elements. Dalton's atomic theory was based on the laws of conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions. While some of Dalton's atomic postulates were later disproven, his model of atoms as indivisible spheres laid the foundation for modern atomic theory.

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    J OHN

    D ALTON

    GROUP 1
    JOHN DALTON
    – Date of birth: September 5 or 6, 1766 in Eaglesfield, Cumberland, England
    – Died: July 27, 1844 (Manchester)
    – English meteorologist and chemist, a pioneer in the development of modern atomic
    theory
    – John received an elementary education at a Quaker school but he was mainly self taught.
    – He entered the service of a Quaker called Elihu Robinson when he was 10.
    – Set up his own school at 12, however, his school failed.
    – Joined his brother Jonathan as an assistant at a school in Kendal.
    – Was offered a position as professor of mathematics and philosophy at Manchester
    Academy (1973)
    C ONTR I BU TION S
    – Dalton’s Law (Pt = Pa + Pb + Pc)
    – Atomic theory of matter
    – Published Meteorological Observations (1793) and A New System
    of Chemical Philosophy (1808)
    – Law of multiple proportions
    – Law of partial pressures
    – Calculated relative atomic weights
    – Law of evaporation
    J OH N
    D ALTO N’ S
    ATO M I C M O D E L
    JOHN
    D A LT O N ’ S
    AT O M I C
    MODEL
    JOHN DALTON
    – picked up the idea of – His statements were
    divisibility of matter based on the three laws:
    (1) Law of conservation
     to explain the nature
    of mass; (2) Law of
    of atoms.
    constant proportions;
    – He studied the laws (3) Law of multiple
    of chemical proportions.
    combinations.
    H E S T AT E D T H E
    F O L L O W I N G   P O S T U L AT E S   ( N O T A L L
    OF THEM ARE TRUE) ABOUT HIS
    AT O M I C T H E O R Y

    1. Matter is made of very tiny particles called atoms.


    2. Atoms are indivisible structures, which can neither be created nor destroyed during a
    chemical reaction (based on the law of conservation of mass).
    3. All atoms of a particular element are similar in all respects, be it their physical or chemical
    properties.
    4. Inversely, atoms of different elements show different properties, and they have different
    masses and different chemical properties.
    5. Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole numbers to form stable compounds, which is
    how they exist in nature.
    6. The relative number and the kinds of atoms in a given compound are always in a fixed
    ratio (based on the law of constant proportions).
    DRAWBACKS
    – The first part of the second postulate was not accepted. Bohr's model
     proposed that the atoms could be further divided into protons,
    neutrons, and electrons.
    – The third postulate was also proven to be wrong because of the existence
    of isotopes, which are atoms of the same element but of different
    masses.
    – The fourth postulate was also proven to be wrong because of the
    existence of isobars, which are atoms of different elements but of the
    same mass.
    W H AT M A K E S
    HIS MODEL

    UNIQUE?
    – It is often referred to as the billiard ball model
    – He defined an atom to be a ball-like structure, as the concepts of
    atomic nucleus and electrons were unknown at the time
    – If you asked Dalton to draw the diagram of an atom, he would've
    simply drawn a circle.
    – Later, he tried to symbolize atoms, and he became one of the first
    scientists to assign such symbols. He gave a specific symbol to each
    atom.
    SYMBOLS
    R EF EREN CES
    – http://www.localhistories.org/dalton.html
    – https://brilliant.org/wiki/daltons-atomic-model/
    – https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/john-dalton-and-atomic
    -theory
    /
    T H AT ’ S
    ALL

    T H A N K YO U

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