UNIT 1.

SPREADSHEET
ENGR. KHRISNA MAE C. GELOGO, ECE, LPT
INSTRUCTOR

COMPUTER 2
2ND SEM, S.Y. 2018-2019
A. TERMINOLOGIES

Spreadsheet – is a document that contains rows and columns of

texts and numbers.
Ledger – is a book of spreadsheets containing accounts to
which debits and credits are posted from books of original entry.
A. TERMINOLOGIES

Electronic Spreadsheet – is a computerized version of the

accountant’s paper spreadsheet.
Spreadsheet Program – is an application that helps the user to
create spreadsheets commonly used for budgets, forecasting,
and other finance-related tasks.
A. TERMINOLOGIES

Worksheet – a page organized into rows and columns

appearing onscreen and used for constructing a single table
Workbook – a file containing a number of related worksheets
A. TERMINOLOGIES

Cell - intersection of a row and column in the worksheet

Block - a group of cells adjacent to one another
Sheet Tab - a description at the bottom of each worksheet that
identifies the sheet in a workbook.
B. HISTORY
VISICALC

 In 1978, Harvard Business School student Dan Bricklin developed a

program called VisiCalc. It was a relatively small program with few basic
capabilities. It could only calculate data within a matrix of 5 columns by
20 rows.
 To make VisiCalc more powerful Bricklin hired Bob Frankston, who is
also known as the co-creator of VisiCalc. Frankston made the program
fast and with better arithmetic. VisiCalc was an instant success and the
duo were able to sell around 1 million copies of the program.
B. HISTORY
VISICALC

Dan Bricklin – “The Father

of Electronic Spreadsheet”
B. HISTORY
VISICALC

Bob Frankston (Left) and

Dan Bricklin (Right) – Co-
founders of VisiCalc
B. HISTORY
VISICALC
B. HISTORY
SUPERCALC
 SuperCalc was a spreadsheet application published by Sorcim in 1980,
and originally bundled (along with WordStar) as part of the CP/M
(Control Program/Monitor) software package included with the Osborne
1 portable computer. It quickly became the de facto standard spreadsheet
for CP/M and was ported to MS-DOS in 1982.
 An improvement over VisiCalc, SuperCalc was notable for being one of
the first spreadsheet programs capable of iteratively solving circular
references (cells that depend on each other's results). It would be over 10
years after the introduction of SuperCalc before this feature was
implemented in Microsoft Excel, although in Lotus 1-2-3, manual
programming of iterative logic could also be used to solve this issue.
B. HISTORY
SUPERCALC
B. HISTORY
MULTIPLAN

 Multiplan was an early spreadsheet program developed by Microsoft.

Known initially by the code name "EP" (for "Electronic Paper"), it was
introduced in 1982 as a competitor for VisiCalc.
 Multiplan was released first for computers running CP/M; it was
developed using a Microsoft proprietary p-code C compiler as part of a
portability strategy that facilitated ports to systems such as MS-DOS,
Xenix, Commodore 64 and 128, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A, Radio
Shack TRS-80 Model II, TRS-80 Model 4, TRS-80 Model 100 (on
ROM), Apple II, and Burroughs B- 20 series.
B. HISTORY
MULTIPLAN

 Despite the release of Microsoft Chart, a graphics companion program,

Multiplan continued to be outsold by Lotus 1-2-3. It was replaced by
Microsoft Excel, which followed some years later on both the Apple
Macintosh (1985) and Microsoft Windows (1987).
 Around 1983, during the development of the first release of Windows,
Microsoft had plans to make a Windows version. However, the plans
changed a year later.
B. HISTORY
MULTIPLAN
B. HISTORY
LOTUS 1-2-3

 After the phenomenal success of VisiCalc, SuperCalc & Multiplan, a

team headed by Mitch Kapor in 1983, developed a new spreadsheet
program called Lotus 1-2-3. Mitch and his team power packed Lotus 1-2-
3 with charting, graphing and rudimentary database capabilities along
with the basic arithmetic. This made Lotus 1-2-3 a new favorite in the
industry.
 Although, before this in 1982 Microsoft had already launched Multiplan
but it was outshined by Lotus 1-2-3. And this thing provoked Microsoft
to come up with Microsoft Excel and rest is history.
B. HISTORY
LOTUS 1-2-3

 Mitch Kapor – Developer of

Lotus 123
B. HISTORY
LOTUS 1-2-3
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
DEFINITION

 Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application developed by Microsoft for

Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and iOS. It features calculation,
graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called
Visual Basic for Applications. It has been a very widely applied
spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it
has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel
forms part of Microsoft Office.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY
 Microsoft originally marketed a spreadsheet program called Multiplan in
1982, which was very popular on CP/M systems, but on MS-DOS
systems it lost popularity to Lotus 1-2-3.
 This promoted development of a new spreadsheet called Excel which
started with the intention to 'do everything 1-2-3 does and do it better'.
 The first version of Excel was released for the Mac in 1985 and the first
Windows version was released in November 1987.
 Lotus was slow to bring 1-2-3 to Windows and by 1988 Excel had started
to outsell 1-2-3 and helped Microsoft achieve the position of leading PC
software developer.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY

 This accomplishment, dethroning the king of the software world,

solidified Microsoft as a valid competitor and showed its future of
developing graphical software.
 Microsoft pushed its advantage with regular new releases, every two
years or so. The current version for the Windows platform is Excel 11,
also called Microsoft Office Excel 2003. The current version for the Mac
OS X platform is Microsoft Excel 2004.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 1.0
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 1.0

 Excel 1.0 was one of the first spreadsheet program to use a graphical
interface with pull down menus and a point and click capability using a
mouse pointing device. The first version was only released for Macintosh.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 2.0
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 2.0

 Excel 2.0 was the first Windows version of excel and was labelled “2” to
correspond to the Mac version. This also included a run-time version for
Windows.
 Excel 2.0 is the first version of Excel for Intel platform. There never was
an Excel 1.0 for DOS or Windows.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 3.0
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 3.0

 The Binary Interchange File Format (BIFF) is a spreadsheet file format

developed by Microsoft. BIFF 3 is the native file format of Microsoft
Excel 3.0 for Windows. The format is proprietary and Microsoft does not
make details of its structure public. The information contained here is
derived primarily from OpenOffice.org's reverse-engineered
documentation of the format, and should not therefore be regarded as
definitive. BIFF is a stream-based format, and a BIFF 3 file comprises a
single worksheet stream, containing a Beginning of File (BOF) record,
followed by a series of Worksheet records, and terminated by an End of
File (EOF) record.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 4.0
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 4.0

 Excel 4.0 was the first popular version of Excel. It had better mouse
implementation, more shortcuts, customizable toolbars and introduction
of fill handle.
 Introduced auto-fill.
 Also, an Easter egg in Excel 4.0 reveals a hidden animation of a dancing
set of numbers 1 through 3, representing Lotus 1-2-3, which was then
crushed by an Excel logo.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 5.0
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 5.0

 Excel 5.0 was a major upgrade which included multi-sheet workbooks

and support for VBA. This was a major breakthrough as now users could
record macros to automate repetitive tasks.
 With version 5.0, Excel has included Visual Basic for Applications
(VBA), a programming language based on Visual Basic which adds the
ability to automate tasks in Excel and to provide user-defined functions
(UDF) for use in worksheets. VBA is a powerful addition to the
application and includes a fully featured integrated development
environment (IDE).
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 5.0

 Macro recording can produce VBA code replicating user actions, thus
allowing simple automation of regular tasks. VBA allows the creation of
forms and in-worksheet controls to communicate with the user. The
language supports use (but not creation) of ActiveX (COM) DLL's; later
versions add support for class modules allowing the use of basic object-
oriented programming techniques.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 7.0
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 7.0

 Excel 7.0 is also known as Excel 95. it was the first major 32-bit version
of Excel. Almost no external changes, but it was faster and more stable.
 Released in 1995 with Microsoft Office for Windows 95, this is the first
major version after Excel 5.0, as there is no Excel 6.0
 Internal rewrite to 32-bits. Almost no external changes, but faster and
more stable.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 8.0
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 8.0

 Included in Office 97 (for x86 and Alpha). This was a major upgrade that
introduced the paper clip office assistant and featured standard VBA used
instead of internal Excel Basic. It introduced the now-removed Natural
Language labels. This version of Excel includes a flight simulator as an
Easter Egg.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 9.0
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 9.0

 Included in Office 2000. This was a minor upgrade, but introduced the
upgrade to the clipboard where it can hold multiple objects at once. The
Office Assistant, whose frequent unsolicited appearance in Excel 97 had
annoyed many users, became less intrusive.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 10.0
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 10.0

 Included in Office XP. Very minor enhancements. Excel 10.0 was a part
of Office XP. It had some useful features like Background formula-
auditing which identifies potential errors in the formulas and capability to
recover spreadsheets whenever excel crashes.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 11.0
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 11.0

 Included in Office 2003. Minor enhancements, most significant being the

new Tables.
 Excel 11.0 or Excel 2003 and was a part of Office 2003. It included the
features like: improved support for XML, a new “list range” feature and
the Smart Tag enhancement.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 2007
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 2007

 Included in Office 2007. This release was a major upgrade from the
previous version. Similar to other updated Office products, Excel in 2007
used the new Ribbon menu system. This was different from what users
were used to, and was met with mixed reactions. One study reported
fairly good acceptance by users except highly experienced users and
users of word processing applications with a classical WIMP interface,
but was less convinced in terms of efficiency and organization.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 2010
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
HISTORY – EXCEL 2010

 Included in Office 2010, this is the next major version after v12.0, as
version number 13 was skipped.
 Minor enhancements and 64-bit support, including the following:
 Multi-threading recalculation (MTR) for commonly used functions
 Improved pivot tables
 More conditional formatting options
 Additional image editing capabilities
 In-cell charts called spark lines
 Ability to preview before pasting
 Office 2010 backstage feature for document-related tasks
 Ability to customize the Ribbon
 Many new formulas, most highly specialized to improve accuracy
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
MS EXCEL 2010 ENVIRONMENT AND PARTS
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
MS EXCEL 2010 ENVIRONMENT AND PARTS
 File menu - When clicked, this button opens the new Backstage View
containing a bunch of file-related options including Info, Save, Save As,
Open, Close, Recent, New, Print, Share, and Exit as well as the Excel
Options button that enables you to change Excel’s default settings.
 Quick Access toolbar - You can click the Save, Undo, and Redo buttons
to perform common tasks to save your work and undo and redo editing
changes. You can also click the Customize Quick Access Toolbar button
to the immediate right of the Redo button to open a drop-down menu
containing additional common commands such New, Open, Quick Print,
and so on, as well as to customize the toolbar, change its position, and
minimize the Ribbon.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
MS EXCEL 2010 ENVIRONMENT AND PARTS

 Ribbon - Most Excel commands are contained in the Ribbon. They are
arranged into a series of tabs ranging from Home through View.
 Formula bar: This displays the address of the current cell along with the
contents of that cell.
 Worksheet area - This area contains all the cells of the current worksheet
identified by column headings, using letters along the top, and row
headings, using numbers along the left edge, with tabs for selecting new
worksheets. You use a horizontal scroll bar on the bottom to move left
and right through the sheet and a vertical scroll bar on the right edge to
move up and down through the sheet.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
MS EXCEL 2010 ENVIRONMENT AND PARTS

 Status bar - This bar keeps you informed of the program’s current mode
and any special keys you engage, and enables you to select a new
worksheet view and to zoom in and out on the worksheet.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
PARTS OF THE RIBBON

Tabs Command Minimize Ribbon

Group Buttons

Dialogue Box
Launcher
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
PARTS OF THE RIBBON

 Tabs: Excel’s main tasks are brought together and display all the
commands commonly needed to perform that core task.
 File – managing files
 Home – common tools
 Insert – insert objects
 Page Layout – printing
 Formulas – functions in categories
 Data – working with data
 Review – spelling, protecting and sharing
 View – how Excel appears on screen (does not affect printing)
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
PARTS OF THE RIBBON

 Groups: Related command buttons can be organized into subtasks

normally performed as part of the tab’s larger core task.
 Command buttons: Within each group you find command buttons that
you can select to perform a particular action or to open a gallery. Note
that many command buttons on certain tabs of the Excel Ribbon are
organized into mini-toolbars with related settings.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
PARTS OF THE RIBBON
 Dialog Box launcher: This button is located in the lower-right corner of
certain groups and opens a dialog box containing a bunch of additional
options you can select. To get more of the Worksheet area displayed in
the program window, you can minimize the Ribbon so that only its tabs
are displayed. You can minimize the Ribbon by doing any of the
following:
 Click the Minimize the Ribbon button (the first button with the caret
symbol in the bank of buttons to the right, opposite the last Ribbon
tab).
 Double-click a Ribbon tab.
 Press Ctrl+F1.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
IMPORTANCE OF USING SPREADSHEET IN BUSINESS

 Presentations
When preparing a presentation for a meeting, a spreadsheet can help you
organize your information. You can print spreadsheet tables, graphs and
calculations to share with other attendees. Tangible references make
your presentation easier to follow and give meeting attendees a reference
for future use.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
IMPORTANCE OF USING SPREADSHEET IN BUSINESS

 Illustrating Scenarios
Spreadsheets allow businesses to compare and contrast information
quickly. If a business professional need to know the financial impact of a
certain task or action, he can rely on the use of a spreadsheet. Multiple
tabs can be added to spreadsheets so the document holds a variety of
spreadsheets in one. This can be useful in scrolling between hypothetical
business scenarios before making a final decision on a project.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
IMPORTANCE OF USING SPREADSHEET IN BUSINESS

 Budgeting
Budgeting is a common use for spreadsheets. With a layout consisting of
rows and columns, spreadsheets allow for the quick formatting of a
business budget. Accounting professionals can add budget categories as
needed and share the information with decision makers in a clear format. As
numerical data changes, accounting professionals can make quick changes
creating multiple electronic budget formats to track adjustments.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
IMPORTANCE OF USING SPREADSHEET IN BUSINESS

 Formulas:
Spreadsheets allow businesses to compile and organize business
intelligence. Spreadsheets can quickly calculate percentages and totals
of data compiled from marketing research studies. Formulas can be set
up between tabbed pages to show how information is interrelated.
Without the help of a spreadsheet, all calculations would have to be
conducted manually, which leaves increased room for error.
C. MICROSOFT EXCEL
IMPORTANCE OF USING SPREADSHEET IN BUSINESS

 Task Management
Spreadsheets are frequently used in project management. Managers can
assign tasks by creating grids with the names, responsibilities and due
dates for each person in a department. Each person in the department can
view how tasks are allocated with ease. This benefit extends to event
planning, managing marketing campaigns and a host of other deadline-
oriented group projects.