Minerals & Rock Unit

Notes
7 Grade Science
th
Rocks • Are divided into 3
groups based on how
they were formed
•Sedimentary
•Metamorphic
•Igneous

• Are made of one or

more minerals
 • Do not stay the same

 
• Continually changed by
processes such as
Weathering, Erosion
Compaction, Cementation,
Melting, and Cooling.
                                     
                                  
 • Rocks can change to
and from the 3 types

The Rock Cycle EARTH MATERIALS

CHANGE BACK AND
FORTH AMONG THE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
ROCKS.
 Igneous
(Granite #11)

tion osition
me Dep
, Ce o n ,
nta
Melting, Solidification
tion rosi

Recrystallization
pac g, E
Com therin

Melting,
a

Solidification
We

Recrystallization
Sedimentary Metamorp
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition,
(Sandstone #6) Compaction, Cementation hic
(Gneiss #14)
Processes • Weathering: the breaking down of the
Earth’s material by natural processes
that form (Water, Wind, Ice, Chemicals, etc.)
into smaller pieces or sediments
Sedimentary • Erosion: weathered rock and soil
Rock particles are moved from place to place
• Deposition: weathered sediments are
laid down in a new location creating
new landforms or rocks
• Compaction: heavy sediments press
down on the layers beneath
• Cementation: dissolved minerals flow
between the sediments and cement
them together
Processes that
form Igneous • Melting: caused by heat and
& pressure around the rock to
form magma
Metamorphic • Solidification: magma cools and
Rock hardens
• Recrystallization: while cooling,
rock can develop crystals,
depending on conditions
Complete the following:
•Turn in your Rock Cycle Directed
Reading & Earthquake/Volcano
Test Corrections
•Get the 2 Directed Readings from
the table
•Have something to write with
•Clear off your table
Complete the following:
•Turn in your Rock Cycle
Directed Reading, Comic Strip &
Earthquake/Volcano Test
Corrections
•Get the Igneous Rock Directed
Reading from the table
•Get out your Minerals & Rocks
Notes
•Have something to write with
Igneous • Igneous is Latin for
“born of fire”
• Formed from cooling
magma or lava
• Forms when
magma cools and
solidifies
• Some reaches the
surface of earth
before cooling,
other cools under
Intrusive • Form below ground from
(Example: Granite) magma
• Usually has coarse crystals
(grains) from cooling slowly
• Some have large and small
crystals

Extrusive • Form above ground from lava

(Examples: Pumice • Usually have small or no
& Obsidian) crystals from cooling quickly
Into the On top (Exit)
Bedrock

intrusive
(crystals) extrusive
(no crystals)
 Bedrock
                   

Magma!
Complete the following:
•Get out your Minerals & Rocks
Notes
•Get the Paper from the table
•Have a Textbook
•Have something to write with
 But then the
EARTH’S elements

Will not leave

the ROCK alone!
•Ice
•Wind
•Water ice
wind

water
EY BREAK UP THE STONE
 DEPOSIT & COMPRESS THE
SEDIMENTS
One way Sedimentary Rock
can be formed

That ROCK
changed again!
 • Formed from sediments
Sedimentary Rock (rock fragments, mineral
grains, animal and plant
remains) that are pressed
or cemented together or
when sediments
precipitates out of a
solution.

• Sediments are moved by

wind, water, ice, or gravity.
 • Water or wind breaks down
(Weathering), moves
(Erosion), and deposits
sediment (Deposition)

                                         • The heavy sediments press

down on the layers beneath
(Compaction)

• Dissolved minerals flow

between the sediments and
cement them together
(Cementation)
Sedimentary • Deposited sedimentary
Rocks & rocks form horizontal
layers called
Fossils
STRATA.
•                                        
• Process of arranging
sedimentary rocks into
layers is
STRATIFICATION
• Scientist know that the
layers and fossils on
top are YOUNGER
 • Clastic: made of broken pieces of other
Types of rocks.

Sedimentar • Organic: remains of once living plants and

animals are deposited in thick layers called
y Rocks fossils

• Chemical: minerals dissolved in lakes, seas,

or underground water
• Limestone made when calcite precipitates
from sea water
• Rock salt made from evaporation of sea
waters
The Rock Cycle
Igneous

Metamorphic

Sedimentary
?
The Rock Cycle
Igneous

Metamorphic
kinda
melted squished
Sedimentary
Bands (CAN) Form

  
Metamorphic
means
                        
                                                “changed”
         
Metamorphic • Rocks changed due to intense
Rocks heat and high pressure

• “Meta-” means “changed”

and “-morphosis” means
“shape” in Greek

• Igneous, Sedimentary and

other Metamorphic rocks can
change to become
Metamorphic rocks
 • Pressure from overlying
How Metamorphic
m rock layers
Rocks Change • High heat, but not
enough to melt the rock
• Rocks may be flattened
or bent or atoms may be
exchanged to form new
materials.
• Think of metamorphic
rocks as a squished
peanut butter and jelly
sandwich in your lunch.
Types of Metamorphic
Rock • Has visible parallel
Foliated layers or bands you can
see
• Example: Gneiss
formed from
rearrangement of
minerals in Granite
Non-Foliated into bands

• Not layered & no bands

are formed
• Example: Marble
formed from
The Rock Cycle
Igneous

metamorphic

Sedimentary
The Rock Cycle

                                               
                                                

         
always changing…
Youngest
Rocks
Here !

Oldest Rocks
Here !