Cooperation & Collaboration

Understanding
International Cooperation
What is International Cooperation?
The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in
the pursuit of a common goal or interest.
International cooperation has served to promote political or economic interests

for many decades. On the whole, it has brought little benefits to the societies at
the receiving end.
International cooperation, whether bilateral or multilateral, has been

inconsistent and devoid of visible results for the political, economic and social
development of recipient countries.
1. Cooperation of multiple nations on economic, social, cultural, humanitarian,
technological issues and differences.
2. Political efforts for world peace
3. History- In the late 19th century as international relationships became more

interconnected and complex, general treaties as well as international
organizations began to form actively.
As the 20th century started, under control of the League of Nations and United
Nations Organization, international efforts to maintain the international peace
have been and are being made.
Economic Cooperation
 Investment and capital cooperation
 Encompasses all forms of economic activities between countries such as

trade
 Economic support for developing countries
 Government development assistance, commercial loan, export credit, direct &

indirect investment by private sectors, overseas construction, trading,
emigration, overseas employment, and mutual transfer of capital
 Cooperation on economic affairs between developed countries, developing
countries, and developed and developing countries
International
Development
Cooperation
 “Transfer of resources for development”
 Economic resources transferred from developed countries or international

organizations to developing countries
 Accordingly, financial support for military supplies, religious purposes, arts

and cultural activities, and costs for exports made to developing countries
with relatively higher prices is not included in international development
cooperation
 Capital flow from developing countries is excluded from international

development cooperation
Necessity of
International
Cooperation
1. Humanitarian Obligation
 Intensified poverty in developing countries because of aggravation of the

gap between the rich and poor
 1.2billion people live in extreme poverty with an average income of under $1

2. Limitless Competition and Interdependence
 Increased interdependence and integration between countries
 Establishment of WTO opens the age of limitless competition
 Increased need for mutual trust and reciprocal cooperation for countries
interdependent on export markets and resources
3. Reaction to Global Issues
 Rise of global issues such as environment destruction, resource depletion,

population increase, terrorism, refugee outbreak, AIDS, women exploitation,
and post-war reconstruction support
 Boundaries between international issues and national issues are weakened

because of developing globalization
 A problem in a single nation spreads its effect to the world (globalization of

conflict)
4. Understanding of Other Cultures
 The mutual respect and understanding is a role of start point in the

international cooperation.
How are we connected?
We live in a world where we are connected with other people – socially,
politically, economically and environmentally.
Increased trade between countries, the growth of international organisations

and changes in transport and communications
technology mean that these connections are rapidly increasing.
Globalization – the good and the bad
Newspaper headlines highlight the different ways that we are connected with
people and events around the world.
They include headlines about people, politics, the environment, culture,

technology, economics and trade.
The media shows there are both positive and negative effects of globalisation.
Global Organisations
United Nations
In 2000, all the nations of the world came together at the United Nations and
agreed on eight goals to halve extreme poverty by
2015. The goals are called the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and they
are an example of how countries are seeking to work together and cooperate to
make a better world for all.
The Millennium Development Goals
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
» In 1990, 33 percent of children under five in developing countries were

underweight. In 2006, this was reduced to 26 percent.
» 2016-2017, The total number of poor increased by 2.5 million (from 766.0
to 768.5 million), leaving the share of the global population that is
considered extremely poor unchanged at 10.7 percent.
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
From 1990 to 2006, the number of children missing out on any primary
education declined from 110 million to 73 million. Poverty, armed conflict, child
labour and food shortages cause many children to not attend school.
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
Of the 73 million children missing out on a primary school education, 55

percent are girls.
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
In 2000, out of 1,000 births in developing countries, 88 children died before

their 5th birthday. In 2006, around 80 out of every 1000 children in developing
countries died before their fifth birthday.
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
In 1990, 47 percent of births in developing countries were attended by a skilled

health person. In 2006, 61 percent of births were attended by a skilled health
person.
Goal 6: Combat HIV and AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Every day, 26,000 children die because of easily preventable diseases like
diarrhea, measles and malaria. If children sleep under insecticide-treated
mosquito nets, the spread of malaria can be reduced.
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
 Access to safe water.
 However, nearly one billion people or one in six people still lack access to
safe drinking water. This is a major cause of illness and child mortality.
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
In order to halve extreme poverty, the United Nations target is for countries to
give 0.7% of the gross national income (GNI) in overseas aid to developing
countries.
Global Citizenship
Since we live in a world where we are interconnected with people in other
countries, the decisions and actions of governments, organisations and
individuals can influence the lives of people in other
parts of the world.
Global citizens make decisions that protect human rights and promote
sustainable practices that care for the environment.
3 steps to becoming a global citizen
1. Educate yourself and others
Get informed about what is happening in the world and how you can make a
difference. Talk to family and friends about the issues facing the world and
ways to respond.
2. Make your voice heard
Your political leaders represent you and want to hear your

ideas . You can tell people about important issues by writing to your local
politician, newspapers and businesses.
3. Make good decisions
The decisions we make about what we buy and the energy we use influences
the world we live in. If we choose to recycle and turn off lights when we leave a
room, then we influence the environment and reduce our carbon emissions.
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
1. Suggest ways the world could help achieve the following goals?
 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

 Achieve universal primary education
 Promote gender equality and empower women
 Combat HIV and AIDS
Research Paper
1. Research about a specific international organization.

2. Historical background
3. Member countries
4. Goals & objectives
5. Area of concern
6. Latest issues, development or policies

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Understanding

International cooperation has served to promote political or economic interests

International cooperation, whether bilateral or multilateral, has been

2. Political efforts for world peace

3. History- In the late 19th century as international relationships became more

 Encompasses all forms of economic activities between countries such as

 Economic support for developing countries

 Government development assistance, commercial loan, export credit, direct &

 Economic resources transferred from developed countries or international

 Accordingly, financial support for military supplies, religious purposes, arts

 Capital flow from developing countries is excluded from international

 Intensified poverty in developing countries because of aggravation of the

 1.2billion people live in extreme poverty with an average income of under $1

 Increased interdependence and integration between countries

 Establishment of WTO opens the age of limitless competition

 Rise of global issues such as environment destruction, resource depletion,

 Boundaries between international issues and national issues are weakened

 A problem in a single nation spreads its effect to the world (globalization of

 The mutual respect and understanding is a role of start point in the

Increased trade between countries, the growth of international organisations

They include headlines about people, politics, the environment, culture,

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

» In 1990, 33 percent of children under five in developing countries were

Of the 73 million children missing out on a primary school education, 55

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality

In 2000, out of 1,000 births in developing countries, 88 children died before

In 1990, 47 percent of births in developing countries were attended by a skilled

Goal 6: Combat HIV and AIDS, malaria and other diseases

 Access to safe water.

1. Educate yourself and others

Your political leaders represent you and want to hear your

 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

1. Research about a specific international organization.

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