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    Memory HTML

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    halleyworld
    Memory can be defined as the mental processes used to receive, encode, store, and retrieve information over time. There are two common models of memory - the traditional three-stage model involving sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory, and the encoding, storage, and retrieval model. We forget due to factors like serial position effects, interference, and failure of encoding or retrieval processes. Problems with memory can stem from organic causes like injury or disease, or constructive processes involving eyewitness testimony or repressed memories.

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    Memory HTML

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    halleyworld
    38 views20 pages
    Memory can be defined as the mental processes used to receive, encode, store, and retrieve information over time. There are two common models of memory - the traditional three-stage model involving sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory, and the encoding, storage, and retrieval model. We forget due to factors like serial position effects, interference, and failure of encoding or retrieval processes. Problems with memory can stem from organic causes like injury or disease, or constructive processes involving eyewitness testimony or repressed memories.

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    Memory can be defined as the mental processes used to receive, encode, store, and retrieve information over time. There are two common models of memory - the traditional three-stage model involving sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory, and the encoding, storage, and retrieval model. We forget due to factors like serial position effects, interference, and failure of encoding or retrieval processes. Problems with memory can stem from organic causes like injury or disease, or constructive processes involving eyewitness testimony or repressed memories.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    38 views20 pages

    Memory HTML

    Uploaded by

    halleyworld
    Memory can be defined as the mental processes used to receive, encode, store, and retrieve information over time. There are two common models of memory - the traditional three-stage model involving sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory, and the encoding, storage, and retrieval model. We forget due to factors like serial position effects, interference, and failure of encoding or retrieval processes. Problems with memory can stem from organic causes like injury or disease, or constructive processes involving eyewitness testimony or repressed memories.

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    MEMORY

    MEMORY - KEY POINTS


    • What is memory?
    • What are the two common memory models?
    • Why do we forget?
    • What are some noted problems with
    memory?
    • How can we improve our memory?
    Definition of Memory
    • An internal record or representation of some
    prior event or experience
    • A set of mental processes that receives,
    encodes, stores, organizes, alters and
    retrieves information over time
    Two Common Memory Models
    • Traditional three-stage memory model
    • Encoding, storage and retrieval approach
    Traditional Three-Stage Model
    • Model focuses on storing information for
    different lengths of time
    • Three stages are sensory, short-term
    memory and long-term memory
    Sensory Memory
    • Purpose: to retain exact image of sensory
    information long enough to focus on
    important info and transfer it to next stage
    • All senses have a sensory memory
    • Duration depends on the sense involved
    • Capacity is relatively large
    Short-Term Memory
    • Purpose - temporarily stores info until it is
    sent to LTM
    • Duration - relatively limited
    • Capacity: 5 to 9 items
    • Duration and capacity can be increased with
    maintenance rehearsal and/or chunking
    • Also known as “working memory”
    Long Term Memory
    • Purpose is to keep info stored for long
    periods of time
    • Unlimited capacity and duration
    Memory Process Model
    • Encoding, Storage, Retrieval Model

    • How is info changed as it moves through


    these operations?

    • Process can be compared to a computer


    Encoding
    Process of translating info into neural codes
    that will be retained in memory
    Storage
    The process of retaining neural coded info
    over time
    Retrieval
    The process of recovering info from memory
    storage
    Encoding and the 3 Stage Model
    • Organization
    – STM and chunking
    – LTM and hierarchies
    • Rehearsal
    – STM and shallow processing
    – LTM and elaborative processing
    Storage and the 3 Stage Model
    • Varieties of LTM
    – Explicit/Declarative
    – Implicit/nondeclarative
    Explicit/Declarative Memory
    • Memories with conscious recall
    – Semantic (general knowledge)
    – Episodic (personal experiences)
    Implicit/Nondeclarative/
    Procedural Memory

    Memory without awareness

    Procedures involved in habits


    Retrieval and the 3 Stage Model
    • Retrieval Cues - trigger the retrieval process
    – Recognition
    – Recall
    • Encoding Specificity Principle
    – Context
    – Mood congruence
    – State dependent retrieval
    Factors that Contribute to
    Forgetting
    • Serial Position Effect
    – Primacy
    – Recency
    • Spacing of practice
    – Massed practice
    – Distributed practice
    Theories of Forgetting
    • Decay Theory
    • Interference Theory
    – Proactive interference
    – Retroactive interference
    • Encoding Failure
    • Retrieval Failure Theory
    Key Memory Problems
    • Organic Causes
    – Injury
    – Disease
    • Constructive Processes
    – Eyewitness Testimony
    – Repressed Memories

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