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Input/Output Organization: Accessing I/O Devices I/O Interface Input/output Mechanism

This document discusses input/output (I/O) organization in computers. It describes I/O interfaces, mechanisms like memory-mapped I/O, programmed I/O, and interrupts. Buses are shared communication links that connect subsystems using address, data, and control lines. I/O devices connect to the CPU and memory through a single bus arrangement. Interface circuits with address decoders, control circuits, and data/status registers allow devices to exchange information on the bus.

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CHANDAN JOSHI
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39 views6 pages

Input/Output Organization: Accessing I/O Devices I/O Interface Input/output Mechanism

This document discusses input/output (I/O) organization in computers. It describes I/O interfaces, mechanisms like memory-mapped I/O, programmed I/O, and interrupts. Buses are shared communication links that connect subsystems using address, data, and control lines. I/O devices connect to the CPU and memory through a single bus arrangement. Interface circuits with address decoders, control circuits, and data/status registers allow devices to exchange information on the bus.

Uploaded by

CHANDAN JOSHI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INPUT/OUTPUT ORGANIZATION

• Accessing I/O Devices

• I/O interface

• Input/output
mechanism Memory-
mapped I/O Programmed I/O
Interrupts
Direct Memory Access

• Buses
Synchronous Bus
Asynchronous Bus
I/O in CO and O/S

• Programmed I/O
• Interrupts
• DMA (Direct memory Access)
A bus is a shared communication link, which uses one
set of wires to connect multiple subsystems.

The two major advantages of the bus organization are


versatility and low cost.
Accessing I/O Devices
• Most modern computers use single bus arrangement
for connecting I/O devices to CPU & Memory

• The bus enables all the devices connected to it to


exchange information

• Bus consists of 3 set of lines : Address, Data,


Control

• Processor places a particular address (unique for an


I/O Dev.) on address lines

• Device which recognizes this address responds to the


commands issued on the Control lines

• Processor requests for either Read / Write

• The data will be placed on Data lines


Hardware to connect I/O devices
to bus
• Interface Circuit

– Address Decoder

– Control Circuits

– Data registers

– Status registers

• The Registers in I/O Interface – buffer and control

• Flags in Status Registers, like SIN, SOUT


• Data Registers, like Data-IN, Data-OUT
I/O interface for an input device

Memory

Address
Processor Data
Control

I/O
Address Control Data and status
Interface
Decoders circuits registers

Input device (s)

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