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    Preventive Ophthalmology: Mulusew A, M.D Department of Ophthalmology University of Gondar

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    henok biruk
    This document discusses preventive ophthalmology and strategies to address blindness globally. It notes that blindness affects over 45 million people worldwide, with 90% living in poor communities and the majority of cases being preventable or treatable. The leading causes of blindness vary by region but globally include cataract, trachoma, glaucoma, and refractive error. The VISION 2020 strategy aims to address the major causes of blindness through cost-effective interventions like cataract surgery, refractive error correction, the SAFE strategy for trachoma, and annual ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis. It also discusses interventions for childhood blindness.

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    Preventive Ophthalmology: Mulusew A, M.D Department of Ophthalmology University of Gondar

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    henok biruk
    10 views28 pages
    This document discusses preventive ophthalmology and strategies to address blindness globally. It notes that blindness affects over 45 million people worldwide, with 90% living in poor communities and the majority of cases being preventable or treatable. The leading causes of blindness vary by region but globally include cataract, trachoma, glaucoma, and refractive error. The VISION 2020 strategy aims to address the major causes of blindness through cost-effective interventions like cataract surgery, refractive error correction, the SAFE strategy for trachoma, and annual ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis. It also discusses interventions for childhood blindness.

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    Preventive Ophthalmology

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    This document discusses preventive ophthalmology and strategies to address blindness globally. It notes that blindness affects over 45 million people worldwide, with 90% living in poor communities and the majority of cases being preventable or treatable. The leading causes of blindness vary by region but globally include cataract, trachoma, glaucoma, and refractive error. The VISION 2020 strategy aims to address the major causes of blindness through cost-effective interventions like cataract surgery, refractive error correction, the SAFE strategy for trachoma, and annual ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis. It also discusses interventions for childhood blindness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views28 pages

    Preventive Ophthalmology: Mulusew A, M.D Department of Ophthalmology University of Gondar

    Uploaded by

    henok biruk
    This document discusses preventive ophthalmology and strategies to address blindness globally. It notes that blindness affects over 45 million people worldwide, with 90% living in poor communities and the majority of cases being preventable or treatable. The leading causes of blindness vary by region but globally include cataract, trachoma, glaucoma, and refractive error. The VISION 2020 strategy aims to address the major causes of blindness through cost-effective interventions like cataract surgery, refractive error correction, the SAFE strategy for trachoma, and annual ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis. It also discusses interventions for childhood blindness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Preventive Ophthalmology

    Mulusew A, M.D
    Department of Ophthalmology
    University of Gondar
    BLINDNESS

    INTRODUCTION

     Blindness is defined as presenting visual acuity of less


    than 3/60 in the better eye.

     Low vision is defined as visual acuity


     cannot see 6/18 but can see 3/60 in the better eye
    EPIDEMIOLOGY

     Worldwide
     Every 5 seconds one person in the world goes blind & a child
    goes blind every minute
     Worldwide an estimated 45 million people are blind( in 2000)
     Incidence of new cases of blindness (8 mln/yr) presently
    exceeds the sum of sight restoration interventions( 1mln /yr)
    & natural mortality (6 mln/yr) every year an additional 1-2
    mln persons go blind
     Of all blind people, 90% live in poor communities, 60% of
    their blindness is treatable and another 20% is preventable.
     Without proper interventions the number of blind will
    increase to 75 mln by 2020.
    Causes of blindness

     Vary according to socio-economic conditions & the


    availability of healthcare/ eyecare services
     In very poor areas: cataract & corneal scar(secondary to
    trachoma, VAD, onchocerciasis) are the major causes
     In good health care setting: AMD, glaucoma, DR
     Worldwide
    1. Cataract( 50%)
    2. Trachoma
    3. Glaucoma
    Causes of blindness
     Ethiopia
     Prevalence of
    blindness: 1.6%
     Causes:
    1. cataract
    2. Trachoma
    3. Refractive
    error
    4. Other CO
    5. Glaucoma
    The strategy

     The strategy of VISION 2020 is built upon the


    foundation of community participation, with three
    essential components:
     Cost effective disease control interventions;
     human resource development (training and motivation);
    and
     Infrastructure development (facilities, appropriate
    technology, consumables, funds).
    Priorities for VISION 2020: The Right to Sight

     The priorities for VISION 2020 are based on the facts that 75% of
    blindness and visual impairment occurs in the poor and very poor
    communities of the world, and that 75% of blindness and visual
    impairment is a result of five preventable or treatable conditions
     cataract, refractive errors and low vision, trachoma,
    onchocerciasis, and a specific group of causes of childhood
    blindness.
     For each of these conditions a cost-effective intervention exists.
    Cost effective disease control
    interventions

     Cataract
     No proven effective therapy to prevent or delay the progression of age-
    related lens opacification
     However, cataract extraction with IOL implantation can provide
    restoration of vision to normal or near normal levels
     Refractive errors
     High myopia & uncorrected aphakia are important causes of blindness
    and low vision in societies where optical services are inadequately
    developed
     Correction of significant RE requires a well-trained refractionist & access
    to affordable but good quality spectacle
    Cost effective disease control
    interventions

     Trachoma
     The SAFE strategy
     Onchocerciasis
     Community-directed treatment with ivermectin on an annual
    basis in communities with hyper- or mesoendemic
    onchocerciasis is the recommeded strategy
     Combined with local control of simulium vector where
    appropriate
    Cost effective disease control
    interventions
     Childhood blindness

     There are an estimated 1.5 million blind children in the world, of whom
    approximately 1 million live in Asia and approximately 300 000 in Africa.

     Each year, an estimated half a million children become blind, of whom up to 60%
    die in childhood.

     Childhood blindness is caused mainly by vitamin A deficiency, measles,


    conjunctivitis in the newborn, congenital cataract, and retinopathy of prematurity
    (ROP).

     Because of the wide range of causes of childhood blindness, intervention must be


    disease-specific and directed at more than one level of the eye-care delivery
    system.

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