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Chapter 1 Lesson 3 Problem Solving and Reasoning

Inductive reasoning involves forming general conclusions based on specific observations or facts. It is used to make predictions. Deductive reasoning reaches conclusions based on known facts or premises. Problem solving involves understanding the problem, devising a plan to solve it, carrying out the plan, and checking if the answer is correct. Examples show how to set up equations to solve word problems involving rates, times, distances, and quantities.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
154 views10 pages

Chapter 1 Lesson 3 Problem Solving and Reasoning

Inductive reasoning involves forming general conclusions based on specific observations or facts. It is used to make predictions. Deductive reasoning reaches conclusions based on known facts or premises. Problem solving involves understanding the problem, devising a plan to solve it, carrying out the plan, and checking if the answer is correct. Examples show how to set up equations to solve word problems involving rates, times, distances, and quantities.

Uploaded by

Larry Bugaring
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem Solving

and Reasoning

Lesson 3 Chapter 1
Inductive Reasoning

It is the logical process in which multiple premises, all believed to be true or


found true most of the time are combined to obtain a specific conclusion. This
reasoning is used in applications that involve prediction, forcasting or behavior.
It is a type of logical thinking that involves forming generalizations based on
specific incidents you’ve experienced, observations you’ve made, or facts you know
to be true or false.
Ex. Jenny leaves for school at 7:00 am.
Jenny is always on time.
Therefore, Jenny assumes then that if she leaves for school at 7:00 am, she
will always be on time.
Inductive Reasoning

James is a grandfather
James is bald
Therefore, all grandfather are bald
All chickens that we have seen have been white
Therefore, all chicken are white

John is an excellent swimmer


John’s family has a swimming pool
Therefore, the sister of John named Mary must also be an excellent
swimmer
Deductive Reasoning

It is the process of reaching conclusions based on previously


known facts. The conclusions reached by this type of reasoning are
valid and can relied on.
It is the process of drawing a conclusionbased on premises that
are generally assumed to be true.

All men are mortal Major premise


Roy is a man Minor premise
Therefore, Roy is mortal Conclusion
Deductive Reasoning

All Filipinos eat rice


Ronnie is a Filipino
Therefore, Ronnie eat rice

All household owners pay electric bills


June is a household owner
Therefore, June pays electric bills
Steps in Problem Solving

1. Understand the problem – What is the problem all about? What


is being asked?
2. Divise a plan – Draw pictures, use a variables and choose helpful
names for variables or unknown
3. Carry out the plan – what is the solution to the problem?
4. Look back – did you answer the question? Can a problem or
method be generalized so as to be useful for future problems?
Problem Solving

A salesman sold twice as much pears in the afternoon than in the


morning. If he sold 360 kilograms of pears that day, how many
kilograms did he sell in the morning and how many in the afternoon?
Let x be the number of kilograms he sold in the morning.
Then in the afternoon he sold 2x kilograms.
x + 2x = 360 x = 120 kilograms in morning
3x = 360 2x = 240 kilograms in afternoon
x = 360/3
x = 120
Problem Solving

The distance between two towns is 380 km. At the same moment, a
passenger car and a truck start moving towards each other from
different towns. They meet 4 hours later. If the car drives 5 km/hr
faster than the truck, what are their speeds?

The main idea used in this kind of problems is that the distance equals
speed multiplied by time S = V . t
V (km/hr) t (hr) S (km)
Car x+5 4 4(x +5)
Truck X 4 4x
Problem Solving

4 (x + 5) + 4x = 380
4x + 20 + 4x = 380
8x = 380 – 20
8x = 360 Car x + 5 = 50 km/hr
x = 360 /8 Truck x = 45 km/ hr
x = 45
Thank you

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