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Introduction To Operational Amplifier

Operational amplifiers, or op-amps, are high-gain amplifiers used to amplify signals from 0-1MHz. They are able to perform mathematical operations through external feedback circuits. Op-amps have very high input impedance, near-zero output impedance, and ideally infinite voltage gain and bandwidth. Negative feedback configures the op-amp output to drive the voltage difference between its inputs to zero. This closed-loop feedback allows precise control over the voltage gain. Op-amps obey golden rules where the output maintains zero difference between inputs while drawing no current at the inputs.

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27 views8 pages

Introduction To Operational Amplifier

Operational amplifiers, or op-amps, are high-gain amplifiers used to amplify signals from 0-1MHz. They are able to perform mathematical operations through external feedback circuits. Op-amps have very high input impedance, near-zero output impedance, and ideally infinite voltage gain and bandwidth. Negative feedback configures the op-amp output to drive the voltage difference between its inputs to zero. This closed-loop feedback allows precise control over the voltage gain. Op-amps obey golden rules where the output maintains zero difference between inputs while drawing no current at the inputs.

Uploaded by

Kenneth
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONAL

AMPLIFIER
WHAT IS AN OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
o Operation amplifier (op-amp) have high
gain amplifier and able to amplify signal
with frequency from 0 to 1Mhz.
o An op-amp is named so because it was
originally designed to perform
mathematical operations like summation,
subtraction, multiplication, differential and
integration etc in analogue computer.
• Operational Amplifiers are represented both
schematically and realistically below:
– Active component!
WHY ARE THEY USEFUL
• Amplifiers are devices which take a relatively weak
signal as an input and produce a much stronger
signal as an output.
• Op Amps ideally increase the signal amplitude
without affecting its other properties
• The operational amplifier (or op-amp) is a special
kind of amplifier used in equipment such as stereo
equipment and medical cardiographs (which amplify
the heart beat).
• The ideal op-amp has;
• Infinite voltage gain. _
• Infinite bandwidth.
• Infinite input impedance
Vin Zin=∞ AvVin
• zero output impedance. Zout=0
• The input voltage, Vin appears
between the two input
+ Av
terminal. =
• The output voltage is AvVin as
indicated by the internal voltage
∞
source symbol.
Closed-Loop Voltage Gain, Acl
• The closed-loop voltage gain is
• the voltage gain of an op-amp with external feedback.
• The amplifier configuration consists of
• the op-amp
• an external negative feedback circuit that connects the
output to the inverting input.
• The closed-loop voltage gain is determined by
• the external component values and can be precisely
controlled by them.
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
• Negative Feed back in an amplifier is where the output of the
amplifier is connected to the negative terminal of the
amplifier.
• In an amplifier with nearly infinite gain , due to negative
feedback, both the inputs of the amplifier are maintained at
the same voltage.(V+ = V-). In other words,the output
attempts to do whatever is necessary to make the voltage
difference between the inputs zero.

V- 

V+ +
Op-Amp “Golden Rules”
• When an op-amp is configured in any
negative-feedback arrangement, it will obey
the following two rules:
• The op-amp output will do whatever it can (within its
limitations) to make the voltage difference between
the two inputs zero
• The inputs draw no current.

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