Eapp. Lecture1

ACADEMIC WRITING
 it is what scholars do to communicate with

other scholars in their fields of study, their
disciplines.
 it is the process of breaking down ideas and
using deductive reasoning, formal voice, and
third person point of view.
 it is generally quite formal, objective
(impersonal) and technical.
ACADEMIC WRITING
PRONOUNS ( first, second and third person)
FIRST PERSON – I, me, my, our, ours, us, mine and

we
SECOND PERSON – you, you’re and your
THIRD PERSON – He, she, his, her, it, them and
they
ACADEMIC WRITING
Academic Writing is a process.
Posing a question
Problematizing a concept
Evaluating an opinion
Answering the question/s posed
ACADEMIC WRITING
Academic writing has a specific purpose.
To inform
To argue a specific point
To persuade
AREAS
IN
ACADEMIC WRITING
AREAS IN ACADEMIC WRITING
1. CONTENT
 clarity of the purpose and statement,
relevance of the supporting points to
the statement, knowledge on the
subject matter.
2. STRUCTURE
 coherence and logical sequences of the
ideas.
3. LANGUAGE
 word choice, sentence constructions.
4. MECHANICS
 grammar,punctuations, capitalizations,
formatting documentation.
STRUCTURES OF A
SPECIFIC ACADEMIC TEXTS
 Depends on a primary purpose of a text
which in turn determines how it is written.
 What information the author introduces in
the text?
 How this information is organized?
STRUCTURES OF A
SPECIFIC ACADEMIC TEXTS
three-part essay structure
the reader is introduced to the topic that will be
discussed and to the argument that will be presented
the discussion/analysis is carried out and the results
are presented
the argument is summed up and conclusions are
drawn
INTRODUCTION
to provide the reader with a clear idea of
the focus and aim of the text
 the topic of the essay/article will be
presented in the introduction,
often accompanied by a thesis statement
(the claim that the writer wishes to make)
INTRODUCTION
provides the context/background of the
argument
introduces the theoretical perspectives,
terminology, etc. that will be used
explains how the writing will be organised
BODY
where the essay's (or article's) argument,

ideas and results are developed and
discussed
CONCLUSION
should not contain any new facts or ideas,

but rather function as a brief restatement
of the main arguments and facts that have
been treated in the essay
NINE MAIN STRUCTURES OF
ACADEMIC TEXTS
 These are the organizational patterns found
within the text types.
 An author often chooses one main text
structure for a piece but may incorporate
several of the text structures throughout the
text.
ACADEMIC TEXTS
1. DEFINITION – explain the nature of
something.
2. DESCRIPTION – gives concrete details
about the appearance, characteristics
and actions.
ACADEMIC TEXTS
3. RECOUNT AND SEQUENCE –
chronological narration.
4. CAUSE AND EFFECT – presents the reason
why a situation is obtained.
ACADEMIC TEXTS
5. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST – presents
similarities and differences.
6. ENUMERATION – listing parts and
characteristics of examples.
ACADEMIC TEXTS
7. PROBLEM SOLUTION – starts off with a
negative situation and ends with a
positive situation.
8. CLASSIFICATION – presents groupings,
types, classes and categories.
ACADEMIC TEXTS
9. THESIS EVIDENCE – argues, points or
interpretation.
FOUR TYPES OF TEXT
 list four general reasons why authors
write.
 Identifying the text type of a passage
helps the reader set the purpose for
reading and alerts the reader to the
organization of the piece.
FOUR TYPES OF TEXT
1. NARRATIVE
 Entertains
 Tells a story
 Character(s), setting, problem,
resolution.
FOUR TYPES OF TEXT
2. EXPOSITORY
 Facts/information
 Test features (headings, bold,
words, charts, graphs, captions)
FOUR TYPES OF TEXT
3. TECHNICAL
 Information to perform a task
 Steps
FOUR TYPES OF TEXT
4. PERSUASIVE
 Author tries to convince reader to
take a certain opinion or perform
a certain action.
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION TEXT:
 Give the concrete details about your
mother/father or any favorite person in
your life.
 A4 bond paper with picture of the
subject.
FEATURES
OF
ACADEMIC TEXTS
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
1. COMPLEX
Written language has longer words, it is
lexically more dense and it has a more varied
vocabulary.
Written texts are shorter and the language
has more grammatical complexity, including
more subordinate clauses and more passives.
2. FORMAL
should avoid colloquial words and expressions
3. PRECISE
 Facts are given accurately and precisely
4. OBJECTIVE
objective rather than personal
has fewer words that refer to the writer or
the reader
main emphasis should be on the information
that you want to give and the arguments you
want to make, rather than you
5. EXPLICIT
 it is the responsibility of the writer in
English to make it clear to the reader how
the various parts of the text are related
6. ACCURATE
uses vocabulary accurately
most subjects have words with narrow
specific meanings
7. HEDGED
it is necessary to make decisions about
your stance on a particular subject, or the
strength of the claims you are making
8. RESPONSIBLE
you must be responsible for, and must be
able to provide evidence and justification
for, any claims you make.
You are also responsible for demonstrating
an understanding of any source texts you
use.
ACTIVITY/ASSIGNMENT:
Look for two examples of academic

writing and explain what makes it as one
write your explanation in your notebook.
Attach the examples.
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS/ LANGUAGE USED IN
ACADEMIC WRITING
Academic writing is thinking – we cannot just write
anything that comes to our mind.
Abide by the set of rules and practices in writing.

Write in a language that is appropriate and formal
but not too pretentious.
The sentences in academic writing are often longer
and more intricate than the sentences in popular
magazines (Lexical density).
• Academic writing considers knowledge and
background of the audience
Use of jargons – if the readers belong to the same
field/discipline to which the writer belongs
Use layman’s terms – if the readers are outsiders
• Academic writing is backed up/supported with strong

and valid evidence.
deliberate, thorough, and careful thought
involves research
Literary Text vs. Academic Text
THANKYOU!

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ACADEMIC WRITING

 it is what scholars do to communicate with

FIRST PERSON – I, me, my, our, ours, us, mine and

Academic Writing is a process.

Academic writing has a specific purpose.

where the essay's (or article's) argument,

should not contain any new facts or ideas,

Look for two examples of academic

Abide by the set of rules and practices in writing.

• Academic writing is backed up/supported with strong

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