Division TRAINING OF TEACHERS

On
SCIENCE CRITICAL CONTENT

June 17-19, 2019

Selades Apartelle, Tandag City

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION
1. Identify and describe the properties of
solutions;

2. Determine the different ways of preparing

solutions;

3. Compute for the concentration of

solutions (by mass or by volume);
4. Choose common solutions found or used
around us; and

5. Explain the concept of solution through a

concept map and paragraph form.
Develop a Lesson Plan Using
the 7 E’s Model
1. Investigate properties of
unsaturated or saturated solutions.
(S7MT-Ic-2)
2. Express concentrations of solutions
quantitatively by preparing different
concentrations of mixtures
according to uses and availability of
materials.(S7MT-Id-3)germanium
Pre-test
True or False. Write the word TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if the
statement is incorrect.
1. Solutions are homogenous.
2.Solutes can exist as solid, liquid or
gas.
3.Water can dissolve anything that is why
it is called the universal solvent.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
4. When a liquid solute is dissolved
in a liquid solvent they are said
to be soluble to one another.

5. Solubility of solids, liquids and

gas increases with temperature.

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Materials Appearance No. of Phase/s Composition Solute Solvent
Observed
1.          

2.          

3.          

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
1. How many phases of matter can be observed
in each solution?

2.What are the composition or materials that

made up a solution?

3.Were you able to identify the solute and the

solvent in each material? Are there any
indicators on the label of materials that helped
you in identifying the solute and the solvent in
a solution?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
4. What did you do to identify a solution
from the materials present in the
“Shopper’s Mart Box”?

5. How will you know that a material is

solution in nature?

6. Why do we need to read the label of

solutions available in the market today?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
1. Solution is a homogeneous mixture.

2.A solution is a mixture of one phase

only.

3.The components are so well mixed that

all parts of the solution appear the
same.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
4. Solutions have the same composition
and properties throughout.

5. Solution is composed of solute and

solvent.

6. A solution is often clear and

transparent.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
  A mixture is a material made up of two or
more different substances which are mixed.
A mixture refers to the physical combination
of two or more substances in which the
identities are retained and are mixed in the
form of solutions, suspensions and colloids

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture where
the components that make up the mixture
are uniformly distributed throughout the
mixture. The composition of the mixture is
the same throughout.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Homogeneous Mixture Examples
There are several examples of homogeneous mixtures
encountered in everyday life:
Air
Sugar water
Rainwater
Vodka
Vinegar
Dishwashing detergent
Steel

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the
components of the mixture are not uniform or have
localized regions with different properties. Different
samples from the mixture are not identical to each other.
There are always two or more phases in a
heterogeneous mixture, where you can identify a region
with properties that are distinct from those of another
region, even if they are the same state of matter (e.g.,
liquid, solid).

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Heterogeneous Mixture Examples
Heterogeneous mixtures are more common than
homogeneous mixtures.

Examples include:
Cereal in milk
Vegetable soup
Pizza
Gravel
Ice in soda
Mixed nuts
Bowl of colored candies

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 WHICH IS WHICH 1st Round
Identify the solute and solvent in each of the
following solutions.
1.1.0 g of sugar dissolved in 100 g of water.
2. 50 mL of water mixed with 20 mL isopropyl
alcohol .
3.A tincture of Iodine is prepared with 0.10 g iodine
and 10.0 mL of ethyl alcohol.
4.40 % ethanol rubbing alcohol.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Parts of a Solution
Solute -the part of a solution that is being dissolved
- usually present in small amount.
Solvent – the part of the solution that dissolves the solute.
- usually present in greater amount.

Solute + Solvent = SOLUTION

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 WHICH IS WHICH 2nd Round
Identify the solute and solvent in each of the
following solutions

1.10 g NaCl and 100 g of water.

2.50 mL ethanol and 10 mL H2O
3.2.0 L oxygen and 8.0 L nitrogen.
4.100 g silver and 40 g mercury.
5.100 mL H2O and 5.0 g sugar

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
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Tell whether the given statements refer
to dilution or solubility.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
1.Adding drops of hydrochloric acid in a
glass of water.

2.Combining 10 grams of sodium chloride

in 75 mL of water at 25° C.

3.Three (3) teaspoons of sugar in half-full

glass of water.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
4. A pitcher of water with ten (10)
tablespoons of powdered pineapple
juice.

5. Measure 50 mL of alcohol in a beaker

and add 250 mL of water at 30° C.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Solutions can be describe according to the:

1.Proportion of solute and solvent (dilution)

2.Amount of solute present in a given amount

of solvent at a given temperature (solubility)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Figure 2.2. The solubility curves of common salts in 100
mL of water at different temperatures

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Show the smiley face if the statement
is true and sad face if the statement is
false.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
a.The solubility of potassium chlorate (KClO3)
increases as the temperature increases.

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b. 50 grams of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)
is soluble at 40° C.

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c. Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is more soluble
at higher temperature.

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d. The amount of potassium chloride (KCl)
soluble at 80°C is 50 grams.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Why is it that table salt (NaCl)is the
most commonly used
salt/seasoning in cooking food?
Base your answer on the graph of
solubility curves of different salts.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Figure 2.2. The solubility curves of common salts in 100
mL of water at different temperatures

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
What is Solubility?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Vocabulary
1. Soluble- a substance that dissolves in a solvent
2. Insoluble - a substance that does not dissolve in a solvent

(sand is insoluble in water)

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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
There are several ways of classifying solutions. It can be
based on the phase of the solution and according to the
relative amounts of the components of the solution.

1. In terms of phase, a solution can be classified as

gaseous, solid or liquid.

2. Solutions are also classified as dilute and concentrated

based on the relative amounts of components of the
solution

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 In terms of phase
State of State of State of Example
Solution Solvent Solute
Gas Gas Gas Air
Liquid Liquid Gas Oxygen in Water
Liquid Liquid Liquid Alcohol in Water
Liquid Liquid Solid Salt in Water
Solid Solid Gas Hydrogen in
Palladium
Solid Solid Liquid Mercury in Silver
Solid Solid Solid Silver in Gold

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Some Examples of Solution
Solution Solute Solvent Example
Gas in gas Oxygen Nitrogen Air
Gas in a liquid Carbon Water Soda Water
dioxide
Liquid in a Acetic Water Vinegar
liquid acid
Solid in a Sugar Water Sugar Syrup
liquid
Liquid in a Hg Ag Dental
solid amalgam
Solid in a Zinc Copper Brass
solid
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Based on the relative amounts of components of the solution

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Figure 2.2. The solubility curves of common salts in 100
mL of water at different temperatures

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
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 Factors Affecting Solubility of a Solute

A. Temperature
B. Nature of Solvent
C. Pressure
D. Nature of Solute

Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution

A. Surface area
B. Rate of Stirring
C. Temperature

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Factors Affecting Solubility of a Solute
 
A. Temperature
 
The solubility of a solid in liquid usually increases
with increasing temperature since most dissolution
process that involves a solid solute over a liquid
solvent is endothermic. However, in the case of the
solubility of gas in liquid, increasing the temperature
will usually result to decrease in solubility.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
B. Nature of Solvent
 
The ability of a solute to be dissolved in a given
solvent is affected by the type of bond of both the
solute and solvent. In general, polar liquids dissolve
polar compounds and the same is true with nonpolar
liquids. Thus goes the saying “like dissolves like”.
This is the guiding rule in preparing solutions. Since
water is a polar liquid, it dissolves polar compounds
such as sugar (C6H12O6) and salt (NaCl).

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
C. Pressure
 
The effect of pressure on the solubility of a solid or
liquid solute is not as noticeable as that of a gaseous
solute. The solubility of gases in water usually increases
with increasing pressure. This relationship is first
noticed by William Henry (1775-1836) in 1803 and its
law is called after his name—Henry’s law or Pressure-
Solubility Law. This law states that in a given
temperature, the mass of a gas that dissolves in a given
volume of liquid is directly related to its pressure.
 

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
D. Nature of Solute
 
 Figure
2.2. The solubility curves of common salts in 100
mL of water at different temperatures

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution
 
A. Surface area
 
Surface area does not affect the amount of solute
that will dissolve, but it does affect the solute’s
rate of dissolution. Thus, in order to make a solid
solute dissolve faster, we frequently powder it,
thereby increasing the surface area. This is why
powdered coffee dissolves faster than granulated
coffee even without stirring.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
B. Rate of Stirring
 

The rate at which a solute dissolves can

be increased by stirring the mixture.
This process brings fresh solvent into
contact with the solute and so permits a
faster rate of dissolution.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
C. Temperature
 
The increase in temperature causes an increase in
kinetic energy of the solute, solvent and the
solution thus facilitating rapid interaction with one
another.

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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Do you have means of determining the
level of sweetness in the two (2) glasses
of sugar solutions?
 

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
How Much Solute Can Be Dissolved in a Solution?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Activity
“How sweet it is to
be loved by you?”

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Mass of Mass of Mass of solute
Solution solute (g) solvent Mass of solution X 100
(mass solute +mass solvent)
(g)
A 5.00 25.0    
B 10.0 75.0    
C 25.0 50.0    

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
NOTE: Using the density of water at
room temperature and the given
volume of solvent in mL, then we
can derive the mass of water in
grams (g).

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
percent by mass (% mass) = mass of solute (grams) x100
mass of solution (grams)

percent by volume (% volume) = volume of solute (mL)x100

volume of solution (mL)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
By ratio and proportion, we can find the value of
the mass of solute from the equation:

Mass of solute (g) x100 = (% mass)(mass of solution in g)

 
Mass of Solute (g) = (% mass)(mass of solution in g)
100

If the mass of solvent is unknown, it will be

Mass of solution (g) = (mass of solute in g) (100)

% mass

Mass solvent = Mass solution – Mass solvent

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
A 250 mL container of vinegar has a
3.00 % acetic acid solution. What is
the volume of solute present in the
solution?

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Sample Problem:

You are asked to add 30 mg salt (NaCl) in 20 mL solution

to a favorite adobo dish. This concentration is just
enough to give your adobo a salty taste. Express this in
percent concentration. (Note: 1 mg = 0.001 g)

0.03 g NaCl
 100  0.15% NaCl solution
20 mL solution

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Summary of Facts and Concepts
 
1.Solutions are homogenous mixtures of two or more
substances, which may either be solids, liquids or gases.
they are clear, have a variable composition, do not settle,
can be separated by physical means and can be separated
by filtration.
2. Solutions can also be classified as diluted or concentrated
according to relative amount of components present.
3. Solutions are composed of solutes, the substance dissolved
and the solvent, the liquid material in which the solute has
dissolved.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
4. Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in
a solvent at a specific temperature. The solubility of a solute is
affected by temperature, pressure, and nature of the solvent.
The rate of dissolution is affected by surface area, rate of
stirring and temperature
5. Increasing temperature usually increases the solubility of solid
and liquid substances, and decreases the solubility of gases in
water.
6. The greater the pressure, the greater the solubility of a gas in
liquid.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
7. A saturated solution is when there is no more
solute that will dissolve in the solvent. An
unsaturated solution contains less solute than it
has the capacity to dissolve. A supersaturated
solution contains more solute than is present in a
saturated solution.
8. The concentration of a solution may be expressed
in terms of percentage (by mass and volume).

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
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Lesson Plan
•5 E’s
•7 E’s

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
“Life is not the way it is
supposed to be. It is the way
it is. The way you cope with
it is what makes the
difference.”

by Virginia Satir

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION