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Decentralised Wastewater Treatment System: Presented by - K.Priyanka (2017282012)

The document discusses decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS) as an alternative to centralized wastewater treatment in India. It provides an overview of DEWATS, explaining that they manage wastewater on-site or near the point of generation. The document then describes the multi-stage DEWATS treatment process and provides examples of DEWATS implementations in India, highlighting their environmental and economic benefits over centralized systems.

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993 views28 pages

Decentralised Wastewater Treatment System: Presented by - K.Priyanka (2017282012)

The document discusses decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS) as an alternative to centralized wastewater treatment in India. It provides an overview of DEWATS, explaining that they manage wastewater on-site or near the point of generation. The document then describes the multi-stage DEWATS treatment process and provides examples of DEWATS implementations in India, highlighting their environmental and economic benefits over centralized systems.

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DECENTRALISED

WASTEWATER TREATMENT
SYSTEM

PRESENTED BY -
K.PRIYANKA
(2017282012)
INTRODUCTION
 The quantity of wastewater is increasing in India because of
– Rapid urbanization,
– Continuously widening the gap between waste generation and waste
treatment
– Pollution of surface and groundwater resources because of
inadequate infrastructure for collection and treatment of domestic
wastewater
– Inadequate financial resources
– Specifically in India, domestic wastewater ,including sewage that is
often not even collected, is a major source of pollution of surface
water.

 So efficient wastewater treatment must be used.


CENTRALISED WASTEWATER
TREATMENT SYSTEM
• Centralized wastewater management consists of:
(1) centralized collection system (sewers) that
collects wastewater from many wastewater producers:
households, commercial areas, industrial plants and institutions,
and transports it to
(2) centralized wastewater treatment plant in an off-
site location outside the settlement, and
(3) disposal/reuse of the treated effluent, usually far
from the point of origin .
• Thus, it is also referred to as off-site management.
DECENTRALISED WASTE
WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
• Decentralized wastewater management is a concept in which
wastewater is managed: collected, treated and disposed/reused at or
near the point of generation .
• Thus, it is also referred to as on-site management.
• The decentralized systems can be applied on different scales. It can
be applied to
(1) individual households;
(2) a cluster of homes;
(3) a neighbourhood;
(4) public facilities;
(5) commercial area;
(6) industrial parks; and
(7) small portions of large communities
DECENTRALISED VS CENTRALISED
WHY DEWATS?
The decentralised wastewater management concept
is best suited due to the following reasons:
• Does not require large and capital intensive sewer
trunks;
• Can be used at household and community level.
• Reduces the water requirements for waste
transportation;
• Adaptable to different discharge requirements;
• Reduces the risk of system failure;
• Increases wastewater reuse opportunities.
PROCESS
SETTLER OR SEPTIC TANK
• Pre-treatment is done.
• Separates the liquid from
the solid.
• Retention time : 2 hours
• Pollution reduction : 30%
ANAEROBIC BAFFLED REACTOR
• Primary treatment takes place
• This tank contains several identical chambers through
which the effluent moves from top to bottom.
• Retention time: 24 hours
• Pollution reduction : 80%
ANAEROBIC FILTER
• Secondary treatment takes place
• The tank is filled with a filter material through which
the effluent moves from top to bottom.
• Retention time : 8 hours
• Pollution reduction : 90%
• At this stages the CPCB standards are met.
• But the effluent will still have odour.
PLANTED GRAVEL FILTER
• Tertiary treatment takes place.
• Structure filled with gravel material and planted with
water resistant plants which provide oxygen to the
passing effluent.
• Retention time: 1 ½ day
• Pollution reduction : 90%
POLISHING POND
• Post treatment takes place.
• Polishing pond with aquatic plants and fishes
• In this treatment the water transforms from a lifeless
state into living water again.
• Efficient way to combine waste water treatment ,
landscaping, aesthetics and water reuse.
• The pond can also act as a storage device.
INPUTS AND OUTPUTS OF
DEWATS
INDIAN WASTE WATER
DISCHARGE STANDARDS
REUSE OPTIONS
• As per the Indian Waste Water Discharge Standards
the treated water from DEWATS plant can be used
for the following:
- irrigation
- flushing
- gardening , etc,.

• Other end products that can be reused are:


- biogas
- sludge by drying or composting
IRRIGATION GARDENING
BENEFITS OF DEWATS
The following list – without being exhaustive – summarises general
benefits of DEWATS:
• Cost efficient as no or only simplified UGSS needed
• No high-tech systems needed
• Low running costs as no electrical devices needed
• Minimal O&M needs and costs as no specialised personnel needed
• Energy savings as no electrical devices needed
• Various water reuse options due to relatively small effluent quantities
• High variety of water reuse options (irrigation, toilet flushing, and
ground water recharge)
• Easy and effective energy recovery (biogas used as a fuel for cooking
and lighting)
• • No groundwater pollution through long, leaking UGSS.
CASE STUDY
DEWATS - ARAVIND EYE
HOSPITAL:
• Location: Abhishekapakkam, Thavalapuppam junction,
Pondicherry
• Scale: Institutional
• Implementing Organisation: CDD society, Bangalore
• Design Capacity: 320 KLD Area: 2690 sq. m
• Operational Since: 2003 Capital cost: 1.12 Crore
• O&M: 2.5-3 lakhs per year
• Project Background: The treatment facility receives 2.7-3
KLD from hospital building that includes only domestic
sewage. DEWATS was adopted to meet the demand of 20 huge
water requirement for horticulture and maintaining the lush
green of 15 acres within the hospital premises.
• Treatment Technology:
- The grey water and the black water generated in the hospital premises first
enter into separate two chambered settlers.
- The settlers for black water treatment are integrated with the anaerobic
baffled reactors. The partially treated black water then undergoes secondary
anaerobic treatment through baffled reactors.
-The black water and grey water is collectively passed through anaerobic
filter and then to the series of horizontal gravel filters planted with canna indica.
-Final treatment is done through polishing ponds where the water is stored
also for further reuse.

• Performance:
BOD reduction: 98%
COD reduction: 96%
TDS reduction: 96%.
PROGRESS ACHIEVED
• Environmental benefit: The hospital uses one bore
well to pump 120 m³ of water every day of which 100
m³ of water is recycled every day. The recycled water is
used for toilet flushing and irrigation.
• Other benefits: Reduction of waste to the community.
Sludge settled in the recycling unit is used as composite.
• Financial benefits: The recycled water is being used
for irrigation and fertilization which in turn produces
USD $6,250 worth of food per year.
DEWATS IN KACHHPURA,
AGRA, UTTAR PRADESH
• Cost of Implementation
1.Collection of Rs. 100 from all community people as funds.
2.LMU(London Metropolitan University) : 14 lakhs
3.US AID : 25 Lakhs
• Before Implementation
1.Improper disposal of sewage and waste water caused highly
unsanitary environments with high health risks.
2.Waste water is directly disposed into the river Yamuna
• After Implementation
1.Created a hygiene space for community people
2.Two community toilets built and 156 under renovation process.
3.Treated water can be used for the community toilet and agricultural
practice.
CONCLUSION
• DEWATS provides both environmental and economic
benefits for new communities .
• Requiring little to no operational costs.
• Provide a low-cost, low-maintenance alternative to
centralized sewer extensions.
• From the above discussion , DEWATS plants can be
effectively promoted for treatment of domestic
wastewater both in large settlements and individual
households in India.
THANK YOU

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