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Embedded and Real Time System: PSN College of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous) Tirunelveli

This document summarizes an embedded and real-time systems presentation given by G. Eswaran. It discusses embedded systems and microcontrollers. Specifically, it provides 3 key points: 1. It defines embedded systems as special purpose systems designed to perform dedicated functions with small footprints, such as cell phones and MP3 players. 2. It lists several applications of embedded systems, including medical devices, office equipment, tools, banking, automobiles, building systems, and agriculture. 3. It compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, noting that microcontrollers contain additional circuits like ROM, RAM, and I/O devices integrated into a single chip.

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56 views17 pages

Embedded and Real Time System: PSN College of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous) Tirunelveli

This document summarizes an embedded and real-time systems presentation given by G. Eswaran. It discusses embedded systems and microcontrollers. Specifically, it provides 3 key points: 1. It defines embedded systems as special purpose systems designed to perform dedicated functions with small footprints, such as cell phones and MP3 players. 2. It lists several applications of embedded systems, including medical devices, office equipment, tools, banking, automobiles, building systems, and agriculture. 3. It compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, noting that microcontrollers contain additional circuits like ROM, RAM, and I/O devices integrated into a single chip.

Uploaded by

eswaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PSN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
TIRUNELVELI

EMBEDDED AND REAL TIME SYSTEM

Presented By
G.Eswaran
Assistant Professor
ECE
Embedded System

1. Is a special purpose system designed to perform a few dedicated

functions.

2. Small foot prints (in memory)

3. Highly optimized code

4. Cell phones, mp3 players are examples.

5. The components in an mp3 player are highly optimized for storage

operations. (For example, no need to have a floating point operation on

an mp3 player!)
Applications
Medical Systems
– pace maker, patient monitoring systems, injection systems, intensive
care units, …
Office Equipment
– printer, copier, fax, …

Tools
– multimeter, oscilloscope, line tester, GPS, …

Banking
– ATMs, statement printers, …
Applications
Automobiles
– engine management, trip computer, cruise control, immobilizer, car alarm,

– airbag, ABS, ESP, …

Building Systems
– elevator, heater, air conditioning, lighting, key card entries, locks, alarm
systems, …

Agriculture
– feeding systems, milking systems, …

Space
– satellite systems, …
Micro processor Micro controller

Microprocessor contains ALU, Microcontroller contains the circuitry


General purpose registers, stack of microprocessor, and in addition it
pointer, program counter, clock timing has built in ROM, RAM, I/O Devices,
circuit, interrupt circuit Timers/Counters etc.

It has many instructions to move data It has few instructions to move data
between memory and CPU between memory and CPU

Few bit handling instruction


It has many bit handling instructions

Less number of pins are


More number of pins are
multifunctional
multifunctional
Microprocessor Microcontroller

Microprocessor based system requires


additional hardware It requires less additional hardware

Less flexible since the additional


circuits which is residing inside the
More flexible in the design point of
microcontroller is fixed for a particular
view
microcontroller
1. COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND MICROPROCESSORS
What is an embedded computer system?

 Loosely defined, it is any device that includes a programmable computer

but is not itself intended to be a general-purpose computer.

 Thus, a PC is not itself an embedded computing system, although PCs are

often used to build embedded computing systems.

 But a fax machine or a clock built from a microprocessor is an embedded

computing system.
• This means that embedded computing system design is a useful skill for

many types of product design.

• Automobiles, cell phones, and even household appliances make

extensive use of microprocessors.

• Designers in many fields must be able to identify where

microprocessors can be used, design a hardware platform with I/O

devices that can support the required tasks, and implement software that

performs the required processing.


 Computer engineering, like mechanical design or thermodynamics, is a

fundamental discipline that can be applied in many different domains. But

of course, embedded computing system design does not stand alone.

 Many of the challenges encountered in the design of an embedded

computing system are not computer engineering—for example, they may

be mechanical or analog electrical problems.


2. THE EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS

embedded system design process aimed at two objectives.

• First, it will give us an introduction to the various steps in embedded

system design before we delve into them in more detail.

•Second, it will allow us to consider the design methodology itself. A

design methodology is important for three reasons.

A design methodology is important for three reasons

First, it allows us to keep a scorecard on a design to ensure that we have

done everything we need to do, such as optimizing performance or

performing functional tests


Second, it allows us to develop computer-aided design tools.

Developing a single program that takes in a concept for an embedded


system and emits a completed design would be a daunting task, but by first
breaking the process into manageable steps, we can work on automating (or at
least semi automating) the steps one at a time

 Third, a design methodology makes it much easier for members of a design


team to communicate.
By defining the overall process, team members can more easily understand
what they are supposed to do, what they should receive from other team
members at certain times
Requirements
Top –Down
design Bottom- Up design
Specification

Architecture

Components

System integration

Abstraction in the design process


Top-down Design
Design from the top–down—we will begin with the most abstract
description of the system and conclude with concrete details.
The alternative is a bottom–up view in which we start with components
to build a system.

Bottom – up Design
Bottom–up design steps are shown in the figure as dashed-line arrows.
We need bottom–up design because we do not have perfect insight into
how later stages of the design process will turn out.
Decisions at one stage of design are based upon estimates of what will

happen later:

1. How fast can we make a particular function run?

2. How much memory will we need?

3. How much system bus capacity do we need?

4. If our estimates are inadequate, we may have to backtrack and mend

our original decisions to take the new facts into account.


The major goals of the design:
1. Manufacturing cost
2. Performance (both overall speed and deadlines)
3. Power consumption
The following design process we need to perform for the each single
step
We must analyze the design at each step to determine how we can
meet the specifications.
 We must then refine the design to add detail.
 We must verify the design to ensure that it still meets all system
goals, such as cost, speed, and so on.
Thank
You

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