Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 150 views

    Vector Report

    Uploaded by

    nos rej
    This document discusses key concepts related to vectors, including: 1) Vector addition involves adding corresponding components of vectors, and geometrically is represented as the diagonal of a parallelogram. 2) Scalar multiplication scales the vector components by a real number, changing the vector's magnitude but not direction. 3) The dot product of two vectors measures their alignment, with a value of zero indicating orthogonality. 4) A vector's magnitude represents its length and is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Vector Report

    Uploaded by

    nos rej
    150 views16 pages
    This document discusses key concepts related to vectors, including: 1) Vector addition involves adding corresponding components of vectors, and geometrically is represented as the diagonal of a parallelogram. 2) Scalar multiplication scales the vector components by a real number, changing the vector's magnitude but not direction. 3) The dot product of two vectors measures their alignment, with a value of zero indicating orthogonality. 4) A vector's magnitude represents its length and is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

    Original Description:

    A report on Vectors

    Original Title

    vector_report

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses key concepts related to vectors, including: 1) Vector addition involves adding corresponding components of vectors, and geometrically is represented as the diagonal of a parallelogram. 2) Scalar multiplication scales the vector components by a real number, changing the vector's magnitude but not direction. 3) The dot product of two vectors measures their alignment, with a value of zero indicating orthogonality. 4) A vector's magnitude represents its length and is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    150 views16 pages

    Vector Report

    Uploaded by

    nos rej
    This document discusses key concepts related to vectors, including: 1) Vector addition involves adding corresponding components of vectors, and geometrically is represented as the diagonal of a parallelogram. 2) Scalar multiplication scales the vector components by a real number, changing the vector's magnitude but not direction. 3) The dot product of two vectors measures their alignment, with a value of zero indicating orthogonality. 4) A vector's magnitude represents its length and is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    vectors

    Vector Addition and Scalar Multiplication


    Dot (Inner) Product
    Linear Combination
    Magnitude (Length) of a Vector
    Distance and Angles between Vectors

    Prepared by WELLA E. FUNELAS/ MAMathEd


    Vector Addition
     

    Consider 2 vectors u and v in , say


    , , , …, )

    Then,

    Their sum is obtained by adding


    corresponding components from u and v.
     
    Geometrically, the
    sum of two vectors
    in the plane is
    represented as the
    diagonal of a
    parallelogram
    having and as its
    adjacent sides.
    Scalar Multiplication
     
    The scalar product of the vector u by a real number k,
    written ku, is the vector obtained by multiplying each
    component of u by k.

    That is, , , , …, )
    , , , …, )
    Scalar Multiplication
    The word scalar is used to mean a real number. Historically,
    this usage arose from the fact that multiplying a vector by a
    real number changes the “scale” of the vector.
    For instance, if a vector is multiplied by 2, the resulting vector
    is a vector having the same direction as and twice the length.
    Scalar Multiplication
    In general, for a scalar the vector
    will be times as long as if it is
    positive, then and have the same
    direction, and if it is negative,
    then and have opposite
    directions.
     
    As with 2-space, the negative of a vector in is defined as

    - , , , …, ) = , , , …, )

    and the difference of two vectors in is defined as

    -.

    The Zero vector in is denoted by 0= (0,0,0)


    Theorem 1.1: Properties of Vector Addition and Scalar Multiplication in the Plane
      For any vectors u, v, w in and any scalars k, k’in ,

    i.) (u + v) +w = u +(v +
    v.) k(u + v) = ku + kv
    w)
    vi.) (k + k’) u = ku +
    ii.) u +0 = u
    k’u
    iii.) u + (-u) = 0 vii.) (kk’)u = k(k’u)

    iv.) u + v = v + u viii.) 1u = u
    Dot (Inner) Product
     

    Consider arbitrary vectors u and v in , say


    , , , …, )

    The dot product or inner product or scalar product


    of and is denoted and defined by

    The vectors u and v are said to be orthogonal (or


    perpendicular) if their dot product is zero.
    Linear Combination
     

     Vector x as the sum of scalar multiples of


    other vectors , , ,…, . That is,
    Magnitude (Length) of a Vector
    The magnitude of a vector is also referred to as its
    length or norm. In two-space or three-space, you see a
    ray that has a particular length and can visualize where
    the magnitude’s numerical value comes from. Vectors
    with more than three rows also have magnitude, and
    the computation is the same no matter what the size of
    the vector.
    Magnitude (Length) of a Vector
    The formula for computing the magnitude is
     

    Where , , ,…, are the elements of vector v.


    Thus, , and if and only if v =0.
    Magnitude (Length) of a Vector
    A vector v is called a unit vector if
     

    or equivalently, if v•v=0.
    For any nonzero vector v in , the vector

    Is the unique unit vector in the same


    direction as v.
    Distance and Angles between Two Vectors
    The Distance between , , , …, ) and in is
     

    denoted and defined by

    This definition agrees with the usual notion of


    distance in the Euclidean plane or
    Distance and Angles between Two Vectors
     
    The angle Ө between nonzero vectors in is
    defined by

    Note that if , then Ө= 90°. This agrees with the


    previous definition of orthogonality being
    Perpendicular.

    You might also like