Introducing by Understanding

yourself….

• Culture: your name (you preferred to be called

as/ anything you what us to know about your name)
• Society: your place (can say anything about your
community)
• Politics: your coverage of power, rule, authority
and influence in your school
• -role and function/ position held in your previous
school
• -expectations of the entire subject/class
• At the end of the
lesson:
The learner is able
to acknowledge
human cultural
variation, social
differences, social
change, and
political identities
Do you know your
socio-cultural
background?
Can you identify the following pictures?
1.Gender and Gender Roles
• People play different roles in society
depending on age and occupation. There
are jobs that require a specific gender
• to perform tasks while other jobs are open
to both men and women.
*Gender Roles in Pre-colonial Philippine
Society
*Gender Roles in Philippine Society During
the Colonial Period
*Gender Roles in Current Philippine Society
• Gender refers to
social, cultural, and
psychological
characteristics or
traits related to
males and females
based on
certain social
context.
• Gender roles refer
to attitudes and
behaviors that the
society expects a
person to exhibit
based on his or her
sex.
• In pre-colonial Philippines, males and
females enjoyed the same rights and
privileges. Different social functions
were assigned to different members of
society. There were functions that were
specifically given to males, females,
or both.
• Gender roles during the
colonial period changed
drastically. Women were
restrained from other
activities outside their
homes, while men were
given more social
functions. These roles
also changed as the
Philippines was
occupied
by new colonizers.
• The present
Filipino society has
become more open
in allowing people
of different genders
to do things not
based on their sex
but based on their
capabilities.
2.Socioeconomic Classes
• Philippine society can be categorized into
various socioeconomic classes. During
prehistoric times, our ancestors developed
a society where people were assigned with
different social functions. However, as
society changed, differences in societal
functions became wider and more diverse.
• Socioeconomic
Classes during the
Pre-Colonial
Period
• Socio-economic
Classes during the
Spanish Colonial
Period
• Modern Socio-
economic Classes
• Upper class - the people in this class have
great wealth, sources of income They
constitute the elite wealthy group in a
society.
• Middle Class - people in this class system
may belong to upper middle class like the
businessmen and professionals or in the
lower-middle class like the teachers, clerks,
etc.
• Lower Class -they belong to the bottom of
socio-economic ladder. This class may be
categorized into two: upper-lower class and
the lower-lower class
• People in the upper-lower class may be
considered as the working class ot the
laborers. They required little education,
little time to involve in civic and community
activities. Some of them are under-
employed
• People in the lower-lower class are those
who are unemployed, or no source of
income except by begging or dependent
from private and government relief. many
of them live in squatter areas, under the
bridge, in the street corridors or with no
house
• Social Mobility
• 3. Ethnicity and
Race
• Every society
consists of people
from different
families, ethnic
groups, and races.
This makes society
very diverse and
unique.
• Ethnicity refers to a group of people, also
called the ethnic group, who have a
common or shared culture, language,
history, religion, and tradition.

• Race refers to a group of people that

shares the same physical attributes, such
as skin color, heights and facial features.
Ethnolinguistic Groups in the Philippines
• Tagalog - Bulacan and other parts of Luzon
• Bicolano - Bicol region
• Ilocano - Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Aurora,
Ilocos, zambales
• Sambal - some parts of Zambales and
pangasinan
• Visayan - Cebu
• Gaddang - Mt. Province/Nueva Viscaya
• Ibanag - Cagayan Valley, Isabela
• Ivatan -Batanes
• Kapampangan - Pampanga some parts of
Tarlac
• Subanon - Mindanao
• Issues About Race and Ethnicity ( Racism,
Ethnocentrism, Genocide, Ethnic
Cleansing)
• Racism is the belief in the superiority of
one race over another, which often results
in discrimination and prejudice towards
people based on their race or ethnicity.
• Ethnocentrism is the act of judging
another culture based on preconceptions
that are found in the values and standards
of one's own culture – especially regarding
language, behavior, customs, and religion.
• Genocide is the deliberate killing of a large
group of people, especially those of a
particular ethnic group or nation.
racial killing, massacre, wholesale slaughter,
mass slaughter, wholesale killing,
indiscriminate killing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced
removal of ethnic, racial and/or religious
groups from a given territory by a more
powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of
making it ethnically homogeneous
4. Religion as a Cultural Variation
Cultural Variation or differences take many
forms within and among societies, one of
which is religion
Religion can be defined as a set of
practices and behaviors that relate to a group
of people’s belief in a god or a group of gods.

Variety of Religion(Christianity, Islam,

Hinduism, Taoism, And Buddhism)
• Religion in the Philippines
Christianity, Islam, Iglesia ni Cristo,
Evangical, Protestant, Seventh-day Adventist,
Jehovah Witnesses etc.
Understanding Cultural Variation in the Form
of Religion
Culture and Religion are not the same,
though they are very close. There are various
theories that suggest a model of relationship
between them. One of them tries to see
Religion as the soul of culture.
• Issues Surrounding Differences in
Religion( Problem or Conflicts, Solutions or
Actions)
• Religion can have a significant impact on the way a person
lives and experiences life. A person who is religious may
find a number of areas in life to be at least somewhat
influenced by their beliefs. A person may develop faith in
accordance with childhood beliefs or as a result of
personal searching. Some individuals may experience
persecution or discrimination as a result of their belief
system. Others might have certain beliefs imposed upon
them by family, friends, or intimate partners and feel
obligated to uphold these beliefs, even when they differ
from personal views.
• Religious beliefs
affect or influence
the attitude or
behavior of an
individual or
society.
• Many people find their religious faith to be a
source of comfort and solace. They may
find that believing in a higher power gives
their life meaning and provides them with a
set of standards or moral code to live by
• All religions have their accepted dogma, or
articles of belief, that followers must accept
without question. This can lead to
inflexibility and intolerance in the face of
other beliefs.
• conflict can arise over whose interpretation
is the correct one, a conflict that ultimately
cannot be solved because there is no
arbiter.
• Therefore, in part, the solution is to promote a
heightened awareness of the positive peace
building and reconciliatory role religion has
played in many conflict situations. More generally,
fighting ignorance can go a long way. Interfaith
dialogue would be beneficial at all levels of
religious hierarchies and across all segments of
religious communities.
• Where silence and misunderstanding are
all too common, learning about other
religions would be a powerful step forward.
Being educated about other religions does
not mean conversion but may facilitate
understanding and respect for other faiths.
Communicating in a spirit of humility and
engaging in self-criticism would also be
helpful.
• 5. Exceptionality and the Exceptional
People
People have different characteristics,
needs desires, lifestyles, and challenges.
However, there are people who, from
one reason or another, are described or
categorized by the society as exceptional.
• Exceptionality - special needs students
are those with exceptionalities. In general,
exceptionalities fall in six broad categories:
Intellectual - students who have superior
intelligence as well as those who are slow to
learn
Communicative- these students have
special learning disabilities or speech or
language impairments
Sensory - sensory-grouped students have
audoto or visual disablities or speech or
language impairments.
Behavioral - these students are emotionally
disturbed or socially maladjusted
Physical - this includes students with
orthopedic or mobility disabilities.
Multiple - these students have a combination
of condition, such as orthopedically
challenged and visually impaired.
• “Factors in a person’s environment that, through
their absence or presence, limit functioning and
create disability. These include aspects such as:

• a physical environment that is not accessible,

• lack of relevant assistive technology (assistive,
adaptive, and rehabilitative devices),
• negative attitudes of people towards disability,
• services, systems and policies that are either
nonexistent or that hinder the involvement of all
people with a health condition in all areas of life.”
• Republic Act 7277, or the Magna Carta
for Disabled Persons, defined PWDs as
"those suffering from restriction of different
abilities, as a result of a mental, physical
or sensory impairment, to perform an
activity in the manner or within the range
considered normal for a human being."
• The International
Symbol of Access
(ISA), also known as
the (International)
Wheelchair Symbol,
consists of a blue
square overlaid in
white with a stylized
image of a person in
a wheelchair.
• 6. Nation, Nationality, and Citizenship
• The line of distribution between the terms
“nation” and “nationality” is quite thin. Most
of the time, nationality and
• citizenship are used interchangeably.
However, it is important to note that these
words do not mean the same thing
• and actually pertain to different concepts.
• Nation - may refer to a community of
people who share a common language,
culture, ethnicity, descent, or history.
However, it can also refer to people who
share a common territory and government
irrespective of their ethnic make-up; that
is, a nation state.
• Nationality - Nationality is a legal
relationship between an individual person
and a state. Nationality affords the state
jurisdiction over the person and affords the
person the protection of the state.
• Citizenship - is the status of being a
citizen. If you have citizenship in a country,
you have the right to live there, work, vote,
and pay taxes! Citizenship comes from the
Latin word for city, because in the earlier
days of human governments, people
identified themselves as belonging to cities
more than countries.
• Filipino Nationality- Philippine Nationality
Law
– Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article
IV, Section 1, it states that: ... Those born
before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers,
who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching
the age of majority; and Those who are
naturalized in accordance of law.
• The Philippine nationality law is based upon the
principles of jus sanguinis (Latin for right of
blood) and therefore descent from a parent who is
a citizen or national of the Republic of the
Philippines is the primary method of acquiring
Philippine citizenship. This is contrasted with the
legal principle of jus soli where being born on the
soil of a country, even to foreign parents, grants
one citizenship. For those born in the Philippines
to non-Filipino parents, the Administrative
Naturalization Law of 2000 (R.A. 9139) provides a
path for administrative naturalization for those
who qualify.
• Statelessness. ... States shall introduce
safeguards to prevent statelessness by
granting their nationality to persons who
would otherwise be stateless and are
either born in their territory or are born
abroad to one of their nationals.States
shall also prevent statelessness upon loss
or deprivation of nationality.
• 7. Social Behavior and Phenomena,
Political Behavior and Phenomena,
Cultural Behavior and Phenomena
- Social Behavior and Phenomena are broad
and complicated sociological concepts. These
involve every event between at least two
individuals and include all knowledge and
experiences a person acquires in the ertirety
of his or her lifetime
• Examples of Social
behavior and
phenomena.
• A political behavior of a person or a group
may be influenced by their political views,
ideologies, and levels of political
participation. An example of an act of
political is act of voting
• Political phenomena are not only limited to
public offices as these also include how
institutions like schools, churches, or
companies are ran and governed.
• A cultural phenomenon happens when
something or someone gains widespread
popularity. However, it is noteworthy that it
is not the subject that is the cultural
phenomenon but rather the process of
becoming famous.
For ten minutes
Summarize the input in self-mapping and look for similarities and
differences and share it to the whole class.
Do these similarities and differences affect the life of the whole
community? Why?
7 minutes presentation for each group
ACTIVITY#1 SELF MAPPING
5 minutes GENDER
RELIGION
ETHNICITY

SOCIAL
STATUS YOUR NAME RACE

EXCEPTIO-
RELIGION NALITY

BELIEFS