3-D of Sustainable Development

• Protect three • Stable and • Ability to assure

fundamental improving welfare
functions development of • ability of diff.
overtime economical actors to interact
• To augment and indicators efficiently to aim
introduce • The ability to to same goals
environmental create and encouraged by
importance maintain the close interaction
highest added of the institutions
value at all levels

Environmental Economic Social

 Environmental Dimension
• Importance of healthy ecosystems
• Two important methods to minimize human impact and
maximize ecosystem
1. Env Management- direct approach
2. Human consumption Management-an indirect
approach
• Herman Daly’s three criteria for ecological sustainability:
i. Provision of sustainable yield by renewable resources
ii. Substitutes development for non renewable resources
iii. Waste generation not to exceed digestion capacity of
the environment
 Environmental Management
• Includes management of oceans systems, freshwater
systems, land and atmosphere in wider sense
• Alterations in Land use significant to biosphere
operations (global water, carbon and nitrogen cycles)
• Managing atmosphere incorporates evaluating
carbon cycles
• Ocean circulation patterns has indirect impact on
climate and weather and in turn food supply of both
humans and other living beings
• A) Atmosphere
- Facts and figures :Mar 2009-Copenhagen climate
council-2,500 climate experts from 80 countries-
issuance of “no excuse” statement for faling to take
action on global warming and with no strong carbon
reduction “abrupt or irreversible “will be very
difficult for societies to cope with”.
- Human impacts on Atmosphere to be addressed:
cities air pollution,pollutants like NO,SO2,volatile
organic compounds,resulting acid rains,CFC’s
degrading O3
- Effect of SO4 aerols on Albedo effect :Decreased by
4% from 1960 to 1990,disturbed water cycle, but
exhibits cooling effect
• B) Freshwater and Oceans
- Tell me
1. total water percentage on Earth
2. Salty water percentage and fresh water percentage
3. Where has been most of the fresh water held?
• Replenishment of fresh water due to water cycle
• Half of the wetlands ,lost during 20th century, so
awareness created for preserving water resources
• Growing urbanization to be accounted for
• Focus on blue water and green water management
• 10%(abut 600 million) population resident of low
lying areas susceptible to sea level rise
• C) Land use
- Loss of biodiversity due to conversion of natural
capital to man made capital
- Growth of major sustainability benefits come
from parks, gardens and green cities at local levels
- 47% of forests vanished since the Neolithic
revolution
- Current forests incorporates about quarter of ice
free land and half of these exists in Tropical areas
- Since food is ultimate vitality, appropriation of
about of Earth’s land surface and 20% of net
primary productivity essential
 Human Consumption Management
• Consuming less isn’t solution but making full
production, use and disposal cycle more sustainable
• Ideas of embodied resource use, resource intensity
and resource productivity important for understanding
impacts of human consumption
• Key resource categories to human existence:
Food,Energy,Materials and Waste
• Role of IRP hosted by UNEP: considered ecosystem
health, human health and resource depletion, fossil
fuel combustion, fisheries to be serious impacts
• A) Energy
• Role of photosynthesis in passing solar energy to all living
processes
• In 2007 ,scientists of IPCC concludes that 90% of CO2 gas
was from emissions of fossil fuels used as energy source
rather than land use impact
• Also for stabilization developed countries required to lower
emissions by 60-90%(2006levels) by 2050 i.e. 450-650 ppm
to about 380 ppm-2 degree Celsius rise in temp above this
levels
• Reduction of Green house gases at: carbon passage tracking,
commercialization of renewable energy, developing f less
carbon hungry technology and individual carbon neutral
lifestyles
• Necessity of engineering emerging technologies
• B) Water
- Water and food security linked to each other
- In 1951-60,water withdrawal was 4* times previous
decades (Industrial growth, irrigated land growth, extensive
dam construction)
- 35% of human water use is currently unsustainable and
may and end results will be very fatal.
- Figures after 1961: water demand doubled, agricultural
water use rose by 75%,industrial use by 200%,domestic use
more than 400%.
- Estimation in 2021: humans use 40-50% of globally
available fresh water in approx. proportion of 70,22,8 % for
agriculture, industry and domestic purposes respectively
- Initiative undertaken by local people today to harvest and
not use mains water
• C) Food
• APHA’s definition of sustainable food system
• System supports local production and
distribution infrastructures and makes
nutritious food available and affordable to all
• Obesity problems of developing world and
food insecurity problems of developing
countries caused a strong movement to
healthy, sustainable eating for overall
sustainability.
• Dependence on environmental effects of
different dietary patterns on various factors
 Cont.…
• Publication of Global strategy on diet, Physical activity
and health report endorsed by May 2004 WHA
• Accordingly Mediterranean diet advised for health and
long-life
• Japanese diet (high in carbohydrates and low in Fat) for
avoiding sickness and environmental impacts
• Sustainable seafood
• Sustainable seafood movement gained thrust because
of people becoming aware of overfishing and
destructive fishing methods
• D) Materials and Waste management
• Material utilization elevation in volume, diversity
and transportation distance because of population
augmentation
• Prediction for 2050: humanity would consume 140
billion tonnes of different materials per year(3*
times current amount) unless economic growth
rate gets separated from consumption rate
• Developed countries consume on an average 16
tonnes per capita ranging about 40 tonnes per
person
 Cont…
• Target of sustainable material use on converting linear
material path to circular flow of material
• Escalation of synthetic chemical production after
second world war ( pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers,
domestic chemicals and hazardous substances)
• Consequently international legislation and
International Agency for Research on Cancer
established
• Industry, business and Government currently focus on
converting impossible waste to resource
 Economic Dimension
• Current situation-Average per capita income sustainable
but population increasing at a lightning speed and persons
aspirations for Western lifestyles
• Developed world population increase slowly but
consumption levels are unsustainable
• Sustainability challenge: Manage western consumption
and increase developing countries living standard without
elevating resource use
• This could be achieved using strategies and technologies
breaking link between economic growth and environmental
damage
 Cont.…
• Green economy as defined by UNEP
• 3 key factors of the UNEP report:
1. Greening benefits
2. Inextricable link between poverty eradication
and better maintenance and conservation of
the ecological commons
3. New jobs are produced while transition to a
green economy
Decoupling Environmental Degradation and
Economic Growth
• Indicated by human population numbers, economic growth
and environmental indicators
• Unsustainable economic growth similar to malignant
cancer because it eats away Earth’s resources which are its
life support system
• Fear of modern global civilization following ancient
civilization that collapsed due to overexploitation of their
resource base
• Ecological economics: study of societal metabolism, the
throughput of resources that enter and exit the economic
system in relation to environmental quality
 Cont.…
• Decupled economy: “An economy that sustains GDP
growth without having negative impact on environment
• In India average person consumes 4 tones per year
• Sustainability studies entertains methods to decrease
resource intensity whether this be attained by enhanced
economic management, product design, or new technology
• Jevons Paradox
• Possible to decouple for short span but not for long run
• Therefore it can be concluded that sustainability requires
stable GDP growth as has been advocated by Herman Dally
Nature as an Economic Externality
• Tragedy of the Commons
- What it simply means?
• Approach to these problem:
- Internalize these externalities
• The global recession and associated
government policies likely t bring
considerable fall in worlds CO2 emissions in 40
years
 Economic opportunity
• (Example to understand the concept)
Industrial waste can be treated as an “economic resource in the
wrong place”
• By these the opportunities that can be created are:
1. Savings from disposal costs
2. Fewer environmental penalties
3. Reduced liability
4. Market share expansion due to public image
• Not to forget that many International organizations can be
assumed as an opportunity in the field of sustainability with
their appearance
• Expansion of sustainable business opportunities can create jobs
by introducing green collar workers
 Social Dimension
• A) Peace, security and social justice
- Social disruptions diverts resources from areas of
greatest human needs
- Strategies for social sustainability:
1. Education and political empowerment of women
2. Greater regard for social justice
3. Equity between poor and rich within and between
countries
4. Intergenerational equity
• Possibility of resource wars
• B) Sustainability and Poverty
- Major obstacle to Sustainability
- Also major source of environmental degradation
- Brundtland Report – “Poverty is a major cause
and effect of global environmental problems”
- Futile to attempt environmental issues without
addressing poverty issues
- High fertility and poverty relation according to
UN Population Fund
- Use of the term sustainability to focus poverty
lessening efforts in ways that can be sustained
by locals and their environment
• C) Human Relationship to Nature

- Consideration of nature as a commodity (Murray

Bookchin)
- According to him,all ecological problems originate from
undesirable social function
- While some authors tries to fix these problems on
physical, biological and economic studies, he
recommended studying social sciences for the same
- Substantial decrease in human population alonwith
reduction of human interference with non human world
- Sustainocene concept
• D) Human Settlements
- One approach to sustainability by villages
being to build self reliant communities
- New classical architecture promotion and
classical designs
- Eco-municipalities
- Decade of education for S.D by U.N “challenge
us all to adopt new behaviors and practices to
secure our future”
Ecological Footprint( Ress and Wackernackel
)
• An accounting tool for ecological resources
• Human consumption translation into productive land
to produce resources and incorporate waste products
• Expressed in global hectares
• Eco footprint can be summarized as measure of
sustainability
• Offers broader comparison of resources supply and
demand
• Compares actual geographic region with that
practically essential for sustaining in the future
 Cont…
• Originators found requirement of Earth 4*
times, if present rate of consumption
considered
• Users of Ecological footprint
1. Industry
2. Government
3. Organizations
4. Individuals
 Eco-Tracking
• Eco-advantage mindsets as motivator
• Because companies having opportunities to grab the
benefits
• Benefits large and so is the identifying opportunities
not easy
• A self questing approach:
1. What are the company’s huge environmental
impacts?
2. When and where do this impacts arise?
3. How do others view company's environmental
performance?
 Cont.…
• Accordingly capture the information and utilize the set off
intentional environmental issues
• Should be continuously tracked
• For this setting up of data warehouse required if
necessary
• Eco-tracking tools should:
1. Trace environmental footprint
2. Capture data continuously
3. Set up environmental management system
4. Help partner for advantage
 Carbon Marketing
• Method encouraging developed countries to
help developing countries to invest in clean
technologies
• Bid to reduce emission of harmful gases
• Developed countries can use emission
reduction credits to meet their own nation’s
emission reduction goals
 Cont.…
• Strengthening Low Carbon Marketing
concepts:
1. Redesigning and optimizing business
processes
2. Scientific C.G. Structure
3. Strengthen internal control system
4. Grabbing the opportunities thereby
 Carbon Credit
• National and international effort to reduce
GHG’s like carbon marketing
• Value of one carbon credit
 Designing for the Environment
• Technological Design procedures penetrated
in 1960’s
• However, transition from Needs design to
Environmental design began in 1970
• Figure to be included over here
 Cont.…
• Least possible consumption of resources focused
• Need to extend right perception to concerned parties felt
• The environmentally compatible products should be
economically competitive, innovative and attractive
• First experience of the transition in 1990 followed by
complete integration of environmental design in
traditional design procedure
• Emergence of the approach with different names
• DFE,GD,ECD,ED with the priority of protecting
environment
 Definitions of DFE
• Unclear Def- design approach directed at the decrease of
industrial waste and optimizing the material use
• Improved def- “a design process that must be considered
for conserving and using again the earth’s limited
resources.If energy and material consumption
optimised,minimal wate produced and output waste flows
from any process can be used as raw materials of the
other”
• Methodology directed at the systematic reduction or
elimination of environmental impacts from raw material
extraction to disposal
Environmental Performance Approach

1. Decrease scrap and waste

2. Optimal Management of materials
3. Optimized production process
4. Up gradation of the product
• DFE acts as bridge connecting Production
Development and Environmental
Management
 Implementing DFE
• No matter what the subject of environmental
impact is, DFE implemented sequentially
through 3 stages:
1. Scoping
2. Data Gathering
3. Data Translation
• What Designer might be performing in these
stages?
1. Reduce materials use, recyclabe materials use
2. Best use of replaceable or recyclable components
3. Minimizing wastes and emissions
4. Growing energy efficiency in production and use
phase
5. Expanding products shelf life
6. Planning strategies for recovering resources use at
the end of shelf life
7. Controlling and limiting costs incurred by design
interventions
 Greening the Supply Chain
• Refers to number of actions taken by the company to ensure
greater efficiency and operational control over the extended
supply chain
• It means ,it refers to the following elements of Company’s
interactions with suppliers
1. Applying common environmental standards and programs
across the company and its suppliers
2. Extension of management system implementation
3. Examine business process and design opportunities
4. Evaluate specific suppliers over the time
5. Transparency in reporting performance results
6. Developing partnerships with government agencies and non
government organizations
 Importance of GSC to Business
• Mitigating Risks to Business
• Reducing Costs
• Suppliers motivation
• Business continuity preservation
• Enhancing Market access and strategic
degrees of freedom(Coca-Cola)
 Regulation
• Many laws had been enacted to protect the
three pillars
- Biological Diversity Act
- Forest Rights Act
- NREGA
 Business Models for Sustainable
Development
• Value Proposition at the center of any
Business Model
• Production and Marketing in Value Proposition
• Aim of Sustainable Business Models-to bring
three pillars development through core
business activities
• Means in sustainable model Three pillars
should be the Value for the organization
• Key factors for success of Business Models
success:

1. Strategic alliances
2. Local communities incorporation in designing
new models
3. Ongoing monitoring and Evaluation
4. Significat investment of time and resources
 Sustainability Reporting
• What it simply mean?
- Report of social, environmental and economic
impacts of company
• It is vital to company itself in terms of
measuring ,understanding and communicating
their performance
• Setting up of reporting cycle
 Triple Bottom Line
• Performance measure introduced by John
Elkington in mid 1990’S in America
• TBL an accounting framework,ahead of
traditional measures of performance,
comprising of Environmental and Social
dimensions
• Dimension of TBL called 3 P’s : People ,Planet
and Profit
• Calculating TBL
- 3 P’s not having common unit of measure and
why it seems to be challenge ?
- Some suggests to monetize all the dimensions
while others oppose on philosophical grounds
and questioning for accuracy in finding right
price of lost species or wet lands
• TBL in terms of INDEX
- How will the index components weighted?
- Would each P get equal weightage?
- Who decides?
• What measures go into the INDEX ?
1. Economic Measures
- Personal Income
- Cost of underemployment
- Job growth
- Employment distribution by sector
- Firms percentage in different sectors
2. Environmental measures
- SO2 conc.
- NO conc.
- Electricity consumption
- Fossil fuel consumption
- Hazardous waste management
- Change in land use/land cover
3. Social measures
- Female labour force participation
- Relative poverty
- Educated population
- Violent crimes per capita
 Users of the TBL
1. Businesses
- Economic :Amount of taxes paid
- Social: Avrage training hours,welfare to carrer
retention,charitable contributions
- Environmental:GHG emissions,Use of recycled
material,Water consumption,waste to landfill
2. Non-Profits
- Food and Agriculture
- Ecological stewardship
- Education and the Arts
3. Government
 Content of Sustainability Report
1. Welcome Letter
2. Table of Contents
3. Corporate sustainability Vision/ Mission/ Values
4. Key sustainability results overviews (KPI’s)
5. Annual initiatives and achievements
6. Organizational Profile
7. Corporate awards and excellence
8. History of the Organizations Corporate
Sustainability Report
9. Economic Sustainability Highlights
10.Environmental sustainability highlights
11.Social sustainability highlights
12.Future corporate sustainability plans
• Appendix to sustainability report