INTERNET

WHAT IS THE INTERNET?

⬡ The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a
worldwide system of computer networks -- a network of
networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have
permission, get information from any other computer (and
sometimes talk directly to users at other computers).

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⬡  It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was
first known as the ARPANet.
⬡ The original aim was to create a network that would allow
users of a research computer at one university to "talk to"
research computers at other universities. 

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⬡ Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative and self-
sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of
people worldwide.

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⬡ The internet is a telecommunications network that uses
telephone lines, cables, satellites and wireless connections to
connect computers and other devices to the World Wide
Web.
⬡ All modern computers can connect to the internet, as can
many mobile phones and some televisions, video game
consoles and other devices.

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THE INTERNET CAN BE USED
TO:
⬡ access a huge 'library' of information from the millions of
websites around the world that make up the World Wide
Web
⬡ send and receive email messages
⬡ share photographs and video clips with your friends and
family

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⬡ buy goods and services (and often save money!)
⬡ carry out online banking
⬡ use Skype to make free phone calls to other computer users
⬡ play games with other people online

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⬡ catch up on TV and radio programmes that you've missed –
or watch them again
⬡ learn something new with an online course.

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HISTORY
OF THE
INTERNET

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 1957
⬡ USSR launches SPUTNIK into space. In response the USA
creates the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
with the mission of becoming the leading the force in
science and new technologies.

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 1969
⬡ In 1969, two years before the calculator was introduced to
consumers (History of the Internet and WWW) and the year
after National Public Radio was established, the precursor of
the Internet, ARPANET was born. It connected four sites at
the University of California at Los Angeles, Santa Barbara,
Stanford Research Institute, and the University of Utah.

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 1972
⬡ There were computers connected at about two dozen sites
when the first email was sent.

1975
⬡ There were 63 sites.

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 1980
⬡ 200 host computers were connecting 20,000 people at the
university, military, and government locations. Twelve years
later the number of hosts had grown to more than a million
internationally, and in January there were more than 43
million.

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 1981
⬡ BITNET, created by IBM, “Because It’s Time NETwork”
started as a cooperative network at the City University of
New York, with the first connection to Yale.

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 1982
⬡ The word “Internet” is used for the first time.

1984
⬡ Domain Name System DNS) is established, with network
addresses identified by extensions such as .com, .org, and
.edu. Writer William Gibson coins the term “cyberspace.”

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 1988
⬡ A virus called the Internet Worm temporarily shuts down
about 10% of the world’s Internet servers.

1991
⬡ Gopher, which provides point- and- click navigation, is
created at the University of Minnesota and named after the
school mascot. Gopher becomes the most popular interface
for several years.
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 1998
⬡ Google opens its first office, in California

2004
⬡ Internet Worm, called MyDoom or Norvag, spread through
Internet servers. About 1 in 12 email messages are infected.

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 2005
⬡ Youtube.com is launched

2006
⬡ There are more than 92 million websites online.

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 2007
⬡ Legal online music downloads triple to 6.7 million
downloads per week.
⬡ Colorado Rockies’ computer system crashes when it
receives 8.5 million hits within the first 90 minutes of World
Series ticket sales.
⬡ The online game, World of Warcraft, hits a milestone when
it surpasses 9 million subscribers worldwide in July.

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WHAT IS
INTERNET
GOVERNANCE

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 INTERNET GOVERNANCE
⬡ Internet Governance refers to the rules, policies, standards
and practices that coordinate and shape global cyberspace.
⬡ Internet governance first started to be used in connection
with the governance of Internet identifiers such as domain
names and IP addresses, which led to the formation if
ICANN.

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 INTERNET GOVERNANCE
⬡ ICANN, Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Number, is a global multi- stakeholder organization that was
created by the United States government and its Department
of Commerce.

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 INTERNET GOVERNANCE
⬡ Since then, the economic,  Digital Trade
political, social and  Privacy and Surveillance
 IG Institutions
military implications of  Geopolitics of IG
Internet Governance have
expanded to embrace a
number of other areas of
policy:

 Cybersecurity
 Free Expression Online 24