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Scheduling

Batch scheduling involves optimizing the allocation of resources like equipment, materials, and staff to minimize production time and costs for multi-product batch facilities. It is applicable when the effectiveness depends on the sequence of jobs. The objectives are to properly allocate time, resources, and infrastructure across batch stages using techniques like Gantt charts. The goal is to maximize efficiency while producing various products using shared equipment.

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40 views29 pages

Scheduling

Batch scheduling involves optimizing the allocation of resources like equipment, materials, and staff to minimize production time and costs for multi-product batch facilities. It is applicable when the effectiveness depends on the sequence of jobs. The objectives are to properly allocate time, resources, and infrastructure across batch stages using techniques like Gantt charts. The goal is to maximize efficiency while producing various products using shared equipment.

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Meet Khunt
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standardnormaltable.

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Scheduling
Objectives of scheduling
• Fulfill the targets by means of available resources
– Available in specified amounts
– the operating conditions may be different.
• In manufacturing
– Minimize the production time and costs, by telling a production
facility what to make, when, with which staff and on which equipment.
– Maximize the efficiency of the operation and reduce costs.
Scheduling
• Where is it applicable?
– The situation in which the effectiveness measure (Time , distance,
cost etc.) is function of the order or sequence of performing a series of
jobs
Objectives of scheduling
• The problem of scheduling
– Discrete optimization problem
– Most of the scheduling problems are NLP
– To find good solutions needs to explore a gigantic search space.
• The scheduling deals with processes operating in
– Batch mode
– Continuous mode
Batch Scheduling
• To produce high value and low volume products.
– special chemicals
– Pharmaceutical products
– Food and certain types of polymers.
• In general batch processes are
– Multi-product facilities
– Various product share the same equipment.
Objectives of Batch Scheduling
– Proper allocation of time
– Proper allocation of resources like raw materials
– Proper allocation of infrastructure
• Reactors • Driers • Storage vessels
– Proper utilization of manpower etc.
• Hence scheduling has great impact on operation of small flexible
plants
Batch Plant
• Feed is charged in to a vessel at beginning of the process and the
vessel contents are removed sometime later.
• Batch plant consists of production units and storage tanks linked by a
network of pipelines and transfer units.
• Batch processes are usually desirable for plants having a capacity of
less than 106 lb/ yr.
• Principal feature of batch plant is production of multiple products
using the same set of equipment
Multiproduct Batch plant (flow-shop)
• Every product follows the same sequence through all the process
steps
Multipurpose Batch plant (Job-shop)
• Production orders have different routes and may even visit a given
unit several times
Gantt Chart
• Graphical representation of a schedule that helps to plan, coordinate,
and track specific tasks in a plant
Scheduling of single product batch plant
• Recipe:
1. Mix raw material A and B . Heat to 80 C and react during 4 hours to
form product C
2.Mix with solvent D for 1 hour at ambient conditions
3. Centrifuge to separate solid C for 2 hours
4. Dry in tray for product for 1 hour at 60 C
Gantt charts
Gantt Charts
Gantt Charts
Two Product Plant
Product Stage 1 Processing time Stage 2 Processing time
A 5 2
B 2 4
Transfer Policies involved in batch process
• ZW :The batch at any stage would be transferred immediately to the
next stage.
• UIS: The batch can be stored without any capacity limit in the storage
vessel.
• NIS: No intermediate storage is available in the storage vessel
Zero-Wait Batch Processes
• Zero-wait (ZW) batch operation
– products are processed without being stored
– Products are not allowed to remain in the reactor
– Eg. The intermediate product is unstable and must immediately be
processed by the next stage.
• Scheduling of the ZW batch process has high economic benefits
– High value and low volume products
• biological or pharmaceutical products etc
Transfer Policies
Transfer Policies
Transfer Policies
Scheduling of Multi Product
• Involving three products in three serial stages.
• The objective is to minimize make span, which is the completion time
of the last produced product at the last stage.
A Case study:3X3 system
Product Processing time (hrs)
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
P1 10 20 5
P2 15 8 16
P3 20 7 9

The conventional scheduling would be [P1 → P2 → P3].


Conventional
Product Processing time (hrs)

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

P1 10 10+20=30 30+5=35

P2 10+15=25 30+8=38 38+16=54

P3 25+20=45 45+7=52 54+9= 63


By Optimizing
Product Processing time (hrs)

Stage 1+2 Stage 2+3

P1 30 28

P2 23 24

P3 27 16
Optimizing sequence (P2→ P1→ P3)
Product Processing time (hrs)

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

P2 0-15 15-23 23-39

P1 15-25 25-45 45-50

P3 25-45 45-52 52- 61

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