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Business Math and Stats-Week 03

This document discusses systems of linear equations and their graphical representations. It covers determining the slope of a line using two points, writing equations of lines in slope-intercept form, and finding equations of lines given properties like a slope and point, or being parallel or perpendicular to another line. Formulas are provided for calculating slope, writing equations in slope-intercept form, and determining equations of lines given certain conditions. Examples are included to demonstrate applying the formulas.

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Muhammad Zahid
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9K views17 pages

Business Math and Stats-Week 03

This document discusses systems of linear equations and their graphical representations. It covers determining the slope of a line using two points, writing equations of lines in slope-intercept form, and finding equations of lines given properties like a slope and point, or being parallel or perpendicular to another line. Formulas are provided for calculating slope, writing equations in slope-intercept form, and determining equations of lines given certain conditions. Examples are included to demonstrate applying the formulas.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Zahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BUSINESS MATH AND STAT

Week 03

Rizwan Ahmad
Email: [email protected]
Recap
• To determine whether a relation is a function
• To state the domains and ranges of certain functions
• To use function notation
• To perform operations with functions
• To find the composite of two functions
Objectives
 Provide an understanding of the nature of systems of equations
and their graphical representation
 Provide an understanding of different solution set possibilities and
their graphical interpretation
 Present procedures for determining solution sets for system of
equations
 Some applications
Explanation
The slope of a line may be positive, negative, zero or
undefined. The line with slope
• Positive
rises from left to right
• Negative
falls from left to right
• Zero
horizontal line
• Undefined
vertical line
Two point formula (slope)
••  The slope tells us the rate at which the value of y
changes relative to changes in the value of x.
• Given any two point which lie on a (non-vertical) straight
line, the slope can be computed as the ratio of change in
the value of y to the change in the value of x.
Slope = change in y =
change in x
= change in the value of y
= change in the vale of x
Two point formula (mathematically)
• The slope m of a straight line connecting two points (x1, y
) and (x 2, y 2) is given by the formula
1
Example
Compute the slope of the line segment connecting the two points (−2, 3)
and (1, −9).
• Note: Along any straight line the slope is constant.
The line connecting any two points will have the same slope.
Slope Intercept form
Consider the general form of two variable equation as
ax+by=c (2x+3y=5)
We can write it as

The above equation is called the slope-intercept form.


Generally, it is written as:
y=mx+c (y=2/3x+5)
m= slope, c = y-intercept
Example
 
•Rewrite the equation

and find the slope and -intercept.


Determining the equation of a straight line
1) Slope and Intercept: This is the easiest situation to find
an equation of line, if slope of a line is -5 and y-intercept is
(0, 15) then we have
m= -5, k = 15. We can write down
Determining the equation of a straight line
2) Slope and one point
If we are given the slope of a line and some point that lies on the
line, we can substitute the known slope m and coordinates of
the given point into y = mx + k and solve for k, e.g.
Determining the equation of a straight line
•Given
  a non-vertical straight line with slope m and containing the
point (x1, y1), the slope of the line connecting (x1, y1) with any other
point (x, y) is given by

Rearranging gives: y-y1 = m(x-x1)


Example
Find the equation of line having slope m = −2 and passing through the
point (2, 8).
Parallel and perpendicular lines
• Two lines are parallel if they have the same slope, i.e.

• Two lines are perpendicular if their slopes are equal to


the negative reciprocal of each other, i.e.
Example
• Find an equation of line through the point (2, −4)
and parallel to the line 8x − 4y = 20.

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