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Numpy

This document provides an overview of NumPy, describing it as the lingua franca for data exchange in Python. It introduces NumPy's ndarray for n-dimensional arrays, which allows for fast operations on entire arrays. Various functions for creating ndarrays are also covered, such as np.array(), np.zeros(), and np.empty(). The document then discusses attributes of ndarrays like shape and dtype, and how to perform vectorized operations, slicing, indexing, and linear algebra functions with NumPy.

Uploaded by

Syed Rafay Hashmi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
67 views

Numpy

This document provides an overview of NumPy, describing it as the lingua franca for data exchange in Python. It introduces NumPy's ndarray for n-dimensional arrays, which allows for fast operations on entire arrays. Various functions for creating ndarrays are also covered, such as np.array(), np.zeros(), and np.empty(). The document then discusses attributes of ndarrays like shape and dtype, and how to perform vectorized operations, slicing, indexing, and linear algebra functions with NumPy.

Uploaded by

Syed Rafay Hashmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Numpy

Lingua franca for data exchange

Dr. Noman Islam

09/12/2020 1
Numpy
• Numerical Python
• Developed in 2005 by Travis Oliphant
• Lingua franca for data exchange
• ndarray – a n-dimensional array
• Fast operations on entire arrays
• Reading/writing array data
• Linear algebra operations
Travis Oliphant

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Vectorized operations

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Installation
• Prepackaged with Anaconda
• Using pip
– pip install numpy

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Numpy Vs Python list

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nd-array
• A fast, flexible container for large datasets
in Python
• Homogeneous data i.e. all of the elements
must be the same type

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Creating ndarray
• np.array(): convert input data to an ndarray
• np.zeros(): produces arrays of 0s
• np.ones(): produces arrays of 1s
• np.empty(): create new arrays by allocating
new memory, but do not populate with any
values
• np.arange(): like the built-in range but
returns an ndarray instead of a list

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Examples

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Summary of array creation functions

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Attributes of numpy array
• shape: a tuple indicating the size of each
dimension
• dtype: an object describing the data type
of the array
• ndim: the number of dimensions of the
array

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shape attribute

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Numpy data types

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Vectorization
• Express batch operations on data without writing
any for loops
• Any arithmetic operations between equal-size
arrays applies the operation element-wise
• Arithmetic operations with scalars propagate the
scalar argument to each element in the array
• Comparisons between arrays of the same size
yield boolean arrays
• Operations between differently sized arrays is
called broadcasting
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Operations on two matrices

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Operations between matrix and scalar

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Comparison between matrices

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Array indexing

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Fancy indexing

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Slicing
• Array slices are views on the original array
• Format
– start: end: step

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Element-wise array functions

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np.where()

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Transpose of a matrix

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Mathematical and Statistical Methods

• mean(): returns the mean value computed


over the array
• cumsum(): returns the cumulative sum of
array elements
• cumprod(): returns the cumulative product
of array elements
Methods for boolean arrays
• sum(): counting True values in a boolean
array
• any(): tests whether one or more values in
an array is True
• all(): checks if every value is True
Sorting
Unique
File Input Output
• np.save(filename.npy, array)
• np.load(filename.npy)
• np.savez(filename.npz,array1,array2)
• When loading an .npz file, you get back a
dict-like object
Linear algebra functions
Pseudo-random number generation

• normal()
• seed()
• gamma()
• uniform()
Pseudo random number generator
Reshape

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Converting to 1D array
• flatten()
• ravel()

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concatenate

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Convenience functions
• vstack: stack arrays row-wise (along axis
0)
• hstack: stack arrays column-wise (along
axis 1)

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Stacking helpers
• np.r_[arr1, arr2]
• np.c_[np.r_[arr1, arr2], arr]

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Splitting an array

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