CSE 101

LESSON 3 –

HARDWARE AND
PERIPHERAL DEVICE
MD. KHALILUR RHAMAN

Spring 2019
1
This Lesson Includes Following section

I/O Device

Storage and Communication

Device

2
What is I/O Device ?

Input Device
Sends data INTO a system
• Eg: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Optical
Input Device, Digital Camera , Joystic,
Microphone, Pen, Touch Screen

Output Device
data OUT from a system to another medium
• Eg. Monitor, Printer, Projector, Sound
Card, Speaker, Video Card

3
Input Device - Keyboard

One of the main input devices used on a computer, a PC's keyboard looks very
similar to the keyboards of electric typewriters, with some additional keys.
Type of Keyboard
 Standard / Enhanced Keyboard
 Non-Standard or special use tye of keyboard

Standard Keyboard
• A standard computer keyboard has about 100-104 keys.
• Most keyboards use the QWERTY layout, named for the
first six keys in the top row of letters.

• Non-Standard Keyboard
• Special purpose keyboard are called non standard
keyboard
• A keyset or chorded keyboard
• Virtual Keyboard
• Touch screen keyboard
• Foldable keyboard

4
Input Device – Key Board (Count.)

Keyboard Layout – Most keyboards have keys arranged in five groups:

 Alphanumeric Keys
 Numeric Keypad
 Function Keys
 Modifier Keys
 Cursor-movement keys

How Keyboard works?

5
Input Device - Mouse

What is Mouse?
The mouse is a pointing device. You use it to move a graphical pointer on the screen. The
mouse can be used to issue commands, draw, and perform other types of input tasks.

Using the mouse involve five techniques.

1
• Pointing
2
• Clicking
3
• Double Clicking
4
• Dragging
5
• Right-Clicking

Varients of the mouse:

• Trackballs
• Trackpads
• Integrated pointed Devices

6
Input Device – Digital Camera

A type of camera that stores the pictures or video it takes in electronic format
instead of to film.

How digital Camera Works:

1. Light passes through the lens of a digital
camera
2. The image is focused on an array of
CCD(Charge-coupled device)
3. The CCD generate a continuous ,analog
electrical signal that goes to an ADC (Analog
–to-digital converter)
4. ADC sends the digital information to a DSP
(Digital signal processor)
5. The DSP manipulates the image, adjusts the
contrast and detail in the image, compresses the
data and sends the data to camera’s storage
medium

7
Input Device – Optical Input Device

Optical Input Device-

• Barcode Reader
• Scanner
• OCR
• OMR
Barcode Readers
• Bar code readers can read bar codes—patterns of printed bars.
Scanner
Hardware input device that allows a user to take an image and/or text and convert
it into a digital file, allowing the computer to read and/or display the scanned
object.
OCR (Optical Character Recognition ) –
• Optical character recognition, usually abbreviated to OCR, is the mechanical
or electronic translation of images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text
into machine-editable text.

OMR (Optical Mark Reader) –

• Optical mark recognition' is the process of capturing data by contrasting
reflectivity at predetermined positions on a page.
• Quick data entry for MCQ

8
Input Device – Touch Screen

Touch-screen systems accept input directly through

the monitor.

Touch screens use sensors to detect the touch of a

finger. They are useful where environmental conditions
prohibit the use of a keyboard or mouse.

Touch-screen systems are useful for selecting options

from menus.

9
Output Device - Monitor

Monitor
Also called a video display terminal (VDT) a monitor is a video display screen
and the hard shell that holds it
Categories of Monitors
Monitors are categorized by the way they display colors:
 Monochrome – One color on a black background
 Grayscale – Shades of gray on a white or off-white background
 Color – From 16 to 16 million unique colors

Monochrome Grayscale Color

Monitors are categorized by the technology they use:
 Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors
 Flat-panel displays

10
Output Device – CRT Monitor

CRT Monitors

• In CRT monitors, electrons are fired at phosphor dots on the

screen.
• The dots are grouped into pixels, which glow when struck by
electrons.
• In color CRTs, each pixel contains a red, green, and blue dot.
These glow at varying intensities to produce color images.

Flat Panel Monitor

Most flat-panel monitors use liquid crystal display (LCD)

technology.

Passive matrix LCD uses a transistor for each row and column of
pixels.
Active matrix LCD uses a transistor for each pixel on the screen.

Thin-film transistor displays use multiple transistors for each

pixel.
11
Output Device – Monitor

Comparing Monitor
When comparing monitors, we mainly compare on major 4 features,
1. Resolution & Viewing Quality
2. Refresh Rate
3. Dot Pitch
4. Size

Fast scanning = Quick

refresh (less flicker)

12
Output Device – Monitor

Video Controllers

• The video controller is an interface between the monitor and the

CPU.
• The video controller determines many aspects of a monitor's
performance, such as resolution or the number of colors displayed.
• The video controller contains its own on-board processor and
memory, called video RAM (VRAM).

Video Control Board

with Monitor Cable

VRAM
Graphic intensive applications such
as games require plenty of VRAM.

13
Output Device – PC Projector

• A PC projector connects to a PC and is used to

project images on a large screen.

• Many PC projectors provide the same resolutions

and color levels as high-quality monitors.

• Digital light processing

(DLP) projectors use a
microchip containing
tiny mirrors to produce
very sharp, bright
images.

14
Output Device – Sound System

•Multimedia PCs come with a sound card, speakers, and a CD-

ROM or DVD drive.
•A sound card translates digital signals into analog ones
that drive the speakers.
•With the right software, you can use your PC to edit sounds
and create special sound effects.

15
Output Device – Printer

An external hardware device responsible for taking computer data and

generating a hard copy of that data. Printers are one of the most used
peripherals on computers and are commonly used to print text,
images, and/or photos.

Printers fall into two categories:

•Impact printers use a device to strike an inked ribbon, pressing ink from the
ribbon onto the paper.
•Non-impact printers use different methods to place ink (or another substance)
on the page.

Impact Printer
Non-Impact Printer
16
Output Device – Printer

When evaluating printers, consider four criteria:

Image quality – Measured in dots per inch (dpi). Most printers produce 300 – 600 dpi.
Speed – Measured in pages per minute (ppm) or characters per second (cps).
Initial cost – Consumer printers cost $250 or less, but professional printers can cost
thousands of dollars.
Cost of operation – This refers to the cost of supplies used by the printer.
Types of printers:

Dot Matrix
printer

Inkjet
printer

Laser printer

Thermal
printer

LED printer

17
Output Device – Dot Matrix Printer

How Dot Matrix printer works?

•Dot matrix printers are a common type of impact printer. A dot matrix printer's print head contains
a cluster of pins. The printer can push the pins out to form patterns in rapid sequence. The pins press
an inked ribbon against the paper, creating an image.

Performance:
• Lower-resolution dot matrix printers use nine pins. Higher-resolution models
have 24 pins.

• Speed is measured in characters per second (cps). Some dot matrix printers
print 500 cps.

18
Output Device – Ink Jet Printer

How Ink jet printer works?

•Ink jet printers are an example of non-impact printers. The printer
sprays tiny droplets of ink onto the paper. Ink jet printers are available
for color and black-and-white printing.
Performance:
• Ink jet printers offer speeds of (2 – 4 pages per minute ppm) and resolution (300 – 600
dots per inch dpi), comparable to low-end laser printers.
• Ink jet printers are inexpensive and have low operating costs.

19
Output Device – Laser Printer

How Laser printer works?

•Laser printers are non-impact printers. They use heat and pressure
to bond particles of toner to paper. Laser printers are available for
color and black-and-white printing.

Performance:
• Laser printers provide resolutions from 300 – 1200 dpi and higher.
• Black-and-white laser printers usually produce 4 – 16 ppm.
• Laser printers produce higher-quality print than ink jet printers, but are more
expensive.
20
Output Device – Thermal Printer

 A thermal impact printer or electro thermal printer is a type of printer that uses
heated pins to "burn" images onto heat-sensitive paper. These types of printers are
commonly used in calculators and fax machines; and although they are inexpensive
and print relatively fast, they produce low resolution print jobs.

 A thermal printer, thermal transfer printer, or thermal wax-transfer printer is a high

quality printer that commonly utilizes a thermal wax ribbon that melts a colored wax
onto the paper creating near photo-realistic images.

21
Output Device – Led Printer

LED printers were developed by Casio and are printers capable of printing
at the same or close to the same quality as most laser printers.

LED printers work much like laser printers but utilize a LED panel that
recreates the image on a negatively charged drum. The areas where the
light hits the drum become less charged, which attracts toner. The printer
then transfers the toner from the drum to the paper and applies intense
heat to fuse the toner to the paper

22
Output Device – Snapshot Printer

Print shops and publishers use these printers to create high-

quality color images:

Snapshot

Dye-
sublimation

Fiery

IRIS

Plotters

23
Storage Device

• Computer data storage is referred to as storage or

memory , which can save digital data.

Type Of Memory

Primary
Storage • RAM
Device

Secondary • Floppy Disk

Storage • Hard Disk
Device • Optical Disk

24
Storage Device – Primary Storage
Device - RAM
• A Primary Storage Device also known as main Memory.
• Main memory keeps track of what is currently being processed.  It's
volatile, meaning that turning the power off erases all of the data.
• For example, computer RAM is an example of a primary storage
device.

• Type of RAM

SRAM – Static RAM

DRAM – Dynamic RAM

• Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
• Asynchronous Dynamic RAM

25
Storage Device – Secondary Storage
Device - ROM
• ROM – Read Only Memory
– Pronounced rahm, acronym for read-only memory, computer
memory on which data has been prerecorded.
• Benifit of Using ROM
– Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed
and can only be read. Unlike main memory (RAM), ROM retains its
contents even when the computer is turned off. ROM is referred to
as being nonvolatile, whereas RAM is volatile.
• USES of ROM
– Most personal computers contain a small amount of ROM that stores critical
programs such as the program that boots the computer. In addition, ROMs are
used extensively in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printers,
whose fonts are often stored in ROMs.
• Type of ROM
 Programmable read-only memory (PROM),
 Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM)
 Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory(EEPROM)

26
Storage Device – Secondary Storage
Device
Secondary Storage Device – Auxiliary Storage Device

Auxiliary storage holds what is not currently being processed. This is

the stuff that is "filed away", but is ready to be pulled out when
needed.
It is nonvolatile, meaning that turning the power off does not erase
it.

Auxiliary Storage is used for:

Input - data and programs
Output - saving the results of processing

So, Auxiliary Storage is where you put last year's tax info,
addresses for old customers, programs you may or may not ever
use, data you entered yesterday - everything that is not being
used right now.

27
Storage Device – Secondary Storage
Device
•The two Secondary storage technologies are magnetic and optical.

Magnetic Storage Device Optical Storage Device

Compact Disk Read-Only

Diskettes (floppy disks)
Memory (CD-ROM)

Digital Video Disk Read-

Hard disks Only Memory (DVD-
ROM)

High-capacity floppy disks CD-Recordable (CD-R)

Disk cartridges CD-Rewritable (CD-RW)

Magnetic tape Photo CD

28
Storage Device – Magnetic Device

• How Magnetic Storage Device Works.

• A magnetic disk's medium contains iron particles, which can be
polarized—given a magnetic charge—in one of two directions.
• Each particle's direction represents a 1 (on) or 0 (off),
representing each bit of data that the CPU can recognize.
• A disk drive uses read/write heads containing electromagnets
to create magnetic charges on the medium.

As the medium rotates, the head writes the data. 29

Storage Device – Magnetic Device

All magnetic disks are similarly formatted, or divided into

areas, called
Tracks
Sectors
Cylinders
TRACKS:
A track is a circular ring on one side of the disk.
Each track has a number.

Disk Sector:
A disk sector is a wedge-shape piece of the disk,
shown in yellow. Each sector is numbered.

Track Sector:
A track sector is the area of intersection of a track
and a sector, shown in yellow.
Cluster:
A cluster is a set of track sectors, ranging from 2
to 32 or more, depending on the formatting scheme in
use.
30
Storage Device – Magnetic Device

Cylinder

A cylinder comprises all the tracks (on

every usable platter surface) that can
be accessed by the read/write heads
while the actuator assembly remains
stationary.

31
Storage Device – Magnetic Device

When a disk is formatted, the OS creates 4 areas on its

surface.

• Boot Sector
1

• File Allocation
2 Table

• Root Folder
3

• Data area
4

32
Storage Device – Optical Device
How Optical Storage Works

• An optical disk is a high-capacity storage medium. An optical drive uses reflected

light to read data.
• To store data, the disk's metal surface is covered with tiny dents (pits) and flat spots
(lands), which cause light to be reflected differently.
• When an optical drive shines light into a pit, the light cannot be reflected back. This
represents a bit value of 0 (off). A land reflects light back to its source, representing
a bit value of 1 (on).

33
Other Storage Device

Flash
Memory

USB drive

Mass storag
e

Smart cards

34
How Computer Process Data –
Factors Affecting Processing Speed
Factors Affecting Processing Speed Other Factors
Registers Ports

RAM Expansion Slot

The System
Clock

The Bus

Cache Memory

More RAM =
Better
Performance!
35
Any Question

Spring 2012 36