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How To Develop A Questionnaire

The document provides steps for developing a questionnaire: 1. Design the questionnaire by choosing question types, developing clear and concise questions, and identifying the target demography. 2. Write the questions and validate the questionnaire by getting feedback, piloting it with a sample, analyzing the data, and checking reliability. 3. Revise the questionnaire based on validation results and disseminate it.

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M Asif Naveed
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198 views24 pages

How To Develop A Questionnaire

The document provides steps for developing a questionnaire: 1. Design the questionnaire by choosing question types, developing clear and concise questions, and identifying the target demography. 2. Write the questions and validate the questionnaire by getting feedback, piloting it with a sample, analyzing the data, and checking reliability. 3. Revise the questionnaire based on validation results and disseminate it.

Uploaded by

M Asif Naveed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How to Develop a

Questionnaire
Parts of Developing a questionnaire
• Design Questionnaire
• Write Questions
• Validate
• Disseminate
Designing Questionnaire….
Step1
• Is there already validate questionnaire available?
• How can you search for that?
Designing Questionnaire
Step 2
Choose your question types
• Dichotomous question: this is a question that will generally be a
“yes/no” question, but may also be an “agree/disagree” question. It is
the quickest and simplest question to analyze, but is not a highly
sensitive measure
• Open-ended questions: these questions allow the respondent to
respond in their own words. They can be useful for gaining insight into
the feelings of the respondent, but can be a challenge when it comes
to analysis of data. It is recommended to use open-ended questions
to address the issue of “why.”
Choose question types
• Multiple choice questions: these questions consist of three or more
mutually-exclusive categories and ask for a single answer or several
answers. Multiple choice questions allow for easy analysis of results,
but may not give the respondent the answer they want.
• Rating scale questions: these questions allow the respondent to
assess a particular issue based on a given dimension. You can provide
a scale that gives an equal number of positive and negative choices,
for example, ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.”
These questions are very flexible, but also do not answer the question
“why.” LIKERT SCALE
Designing Questionnaire
Step 3
Develop Questions
• Write questions that are succinct and simple. You should not be
writing complex statements or using technical jargon, as it will only
confuse your respondents and lead to incorrect responses.
• Beware of asking for private or “sensitive information
• Put the most important questions at the beginning of your
questionnaire. This can help you gather important data even if you
sense that your respondents may be becoming distracted by the end
of the questionnaire.
Designing Questionnaire
Step 4: Restrict Length of the questionnaire
• Only include questions that are directly useful to your research
question. A questionnaire is not an opportunity to collect all kinds of
information about your respondents.
• Avoid asking redundant questions. This will frustrate those who are
taking your questionnaire.
Step 5: Identify Target Demography
Parts of Developing a questionnaire
• Design Questionnaire
• Write Questions
• Validate
• Disseminate
Part 2: Writing Questions
Step 1
Part 2: Writing Questions
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 6: Make sure your questionnaire looks
professional
• Because you want people to have confidence in you as a data
collector, your questionnaire must have a professional look. Always
proof read. Check for spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors.
• Include a title. This is a good way for your respondents to understand
the focus of the survey as quickly as possible.
• Thank your respondents. Thank them for taking the time and effort to
complete your survey.
Part 3: Validate the Questionnaire
• Face Validity
• Piloting
• Clean the data
• Principal Component Analysis and CFA
• Check Internal Consistency or reliabitiy
• Revise
Face Validity
• There are two important steps in this process.
• First is to have experts or people who understand your topic read
through your questionnaire. They should evaluate whether the
questions effectively capture the topic under investigation. You
might have them pretend to fill out the survey while scribbling
notes.

• Second is to have a psychometrician (i.e., one who is expert on


questionnaire construction) check your survey for common errors
like double-barreled, confusing, and leading questions.
Piloting
• The second step is to pilot test the survey on a subset of your
intended population. Recommendations on sample size for pilot
testing vary. Some academicians are staunch supporters of things like
a 20 participant per question. Well if your survey has 30 questions,
that means that you’ll need at least 600 respondents???????????
Clean the data
• After collecting pilot data, enter the responses into a spreadsheet and
clean the data.
• After entering the data you will want to reverse code negatively phrased
questions. When used sparingly, negatively phrased questions can be very
useful for checking whether participants filled out your survey in a reckless
fashion. If they read the question carefully, their responses to negatively
phrased questions should be consistent with responses to similar
positively phrased questions. If they are not consistent you might consider
tossing out a person’s responses.
• If you used a 5-point Likert-style scale but find a response of 6 you’ve
probably identified a data entry error.
Principal Component analysis
• Component tell you what factors are being measured by your questions.
• Questions that measure the same thing should load onto the same factors.
• Factor loadings range from -1.0 to 1.0.
• Determine what factors represent by looking for common themes in the questions
that load onto the same factors.
• If you identify 3 factor-themes, you can be assured that your survey is at least
measuring three things.
• Validity is measuring what you purport to be measuring, therefore this step
validates what your survey is really measuring.
• Finally, questions loading onto the same factors can be aggregated (i.e., combined)
and compared during the final data analysis phase.
Internal Consistency or Reliability
• Check the internal consistency of questions loading onto the same
factors.
• This step basically checks the correlation between questions loading
onto the same factor.
• It is a measure of reliability in that it checks whether the responses
are consistent.
• A standard test of internal consistency is Cronbach’s Alpha (CA).
Cronbach Alpha values range from 0 – 1.0. In most cases the value
should be at least 0.70 or higher although a value from 0.60 to 0.70 is
acceptable.
Revise and disseminate the survery
Thank You

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