Issues About Globalisation

ISSUES ABOUT GLOBALISATION
GUIDE QUESTIONS
 How globalization affects the world, the
community, family, and oneself?
 What are the pros and cons of globalisation?
 Can this be considered as an instrument of

imperialism and to further advance the
interests of capitalist countries?
DEFINITION OF GLOBALISATION
 There is no standard, prescriptive, and

textbook definition of globalisation.
 There are numerous meanings, views, and

usage from different disciplines.
 Aside from the definition, it is being debated

either as an abstract or concrete concept.
John Wiseman, in his work “Australia and
the Politics of Globalisation” said that:
Globalisation is the most slippery, dangerous, and important

buzzword of the late twentieth century. It is slippery
because it can have many meanings and be used in many
ways. It is dangerous because too often it is used as a
powerful and simplistic justification for the endless
expansion of unregulated capitalist relations into every part
of life in every corner of the globe. It is important because
debates about globalisation can illuminate a world in which
time and space have been so dramatically compressed that
distant actions in one corner of the globe have rapid and
significant repercussions on people and places far away.
THOMAS FRIEDMAN’S GLOBALISATION
Thomas Friedman divided globalisation into three

periods:
1. Globalisation of countries from year 1492 to 1800
2. Globalisation of companies from year 1800 to 2000
3. Globalisation of individual from year 2000 up to

present
Globalization is not a new concept
 In ancient times, traders travelled vast distances to buy
rare commodities such as salt, spices and gold, which
they would then sell in their home countries.
 The 19th century Industrial Revolution brought advances

in communication and transportation that have removed
borders and increased cross-border trade.
 In the last few decades, globalization has occurred at an

unprecedented pace.
GLOBALISATION IS NOT A TREND NOR A FAD
The simple definition of globalization is the

interweaving of markets, technology, information
systems and telecommunications systems in a way
that is shrinking the world from a size medium to a
size small, and enabling each of us to reach around
the world farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than
ever before.
Globalisation systems are also characterized by
one overarching feature and that is integration
 In this new system all your threats and

opportunities increasing flow from who you are
connected to, and it is symbolized by the World
Wide Web
 So basically we've gone from a world of division

and walls to a world of integration and webs.
 And in globalization, we reach for the Internet,

which is a symbol that we are all increasingly
connected, and nobody's quite in charge.
 The central logic of globalisation exactly
mirrors the logic of the Internet.
 We are all increasingly connected, but

nobody's in charge.
BREAKING DOWN 'Globalisation'
 Through globalisation, corporations can gain a
competitive advantage from lower operating costs, and
access to new raw materials and additional markets.
 In addition, multinational corporations can manufacture,

buy and sell goods worldwide.
 For example, a Japan-based car manufacturer can

manufacture auto parts in several developing countries,
ship the parts to another country for assembly and sell
the finished cars to any nation.
 Technology is a major contributor to globalisation.
 Advancements in IT and the flow of information

across borders have increased awareness among
populations of economic trends and investment
opportunities.
 Technological advancement such as digitalisation

has simplified and accelerated the transfer
of financial assets between countries.
The Broader Meaning of Globalisation
 Globalization is also a social, cultural, political and legal phenomenon.
 In social terms, globalization represents greater interconnectedness

among global populations.
 Culturally, globalization represents the exchange of ideas and values

among cultures, and even a trend toward the development of a single
world culture.
 Politically, globalization has shifted countries' political activities to the

global level through intergovernmental organizations like the United
Nations and the World Trade Organization.
 With regard to law, globalization has altered how international law is

created and enforced.
 Globalization represents the global integration of
international trade, investment, information
technology and cultures.
 Government policies designed to open economies

domestically and internationally to boost development in
poorer countries and raise standards of living for their
people are what drive globalization.
 However, these policies have created an international free

market that has mainly benefited multinational
corporations in the Western world to the detriment of
smaller businesses, cultures and common people.
The Globalisation Controversy
 Proponents of globalisation believe it allows

developing countries to catch up to industrialized
nations through increased manufacturing,
diversification, economic expansion and
improvements in standards of living.
 China is a good example of a national economy that

has benefited immensely from globalisation.
 Outsourcing by companies brings jobs and technology to
developing countries.
 Trade initiatives increase cross-border trading by

removing supply-side and trade-related constraints.
 The North American Free Trade Agreement, for example,

encouraged U.S. car manufacturers to relocate operations
to Mexico where labor costs are lower, and many U.S.
companies have outsourced call centers to India.
 Globalisation has advanced social justice on an
international scale, and globalisation advocates
report that it has drawn attention to human
rights worldwide.
 In addition, some feel the spread of pop culture

across borders will advance the exchange of
ideas, art, language and music.
 Standards of living have risen overall as more
third-world countries experience industrialisation.
However, some politicians argue that
globalization is detrimental to the middle
class, and is causing increasing economic and
political polarization in the United States.
 Outsourcing, where U.S. companies transfer their

facilities abroad to lower labor costs and avoid
negotiating with unions, means workers in the
United States must now compete internationally
for jobs.
 Globalization has contributed to global warming, climate change
and the overuse of natural resources.
 An increase in the demand for goods has boosted manufacturing

and industrialisation.
 Globalisation has also increased homogenisation in countries.
 For example, international chains, such as Starbucks, Nike

and The Gap, dominate commercial space in every U.S. town and
many towns in other nations.
 Cultural exchange has been largely one-sided

because U.S. goods and culture have influenced other countries
more than those of any other nation.

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ISSUES ABOUT GLOBALISATION

 What are the pros and cons of globalisation?

 Can this be considered as an instrument of

 There is no standard, prescriptive, and

 There are numerous meanings, views, and

 Aside from the definition, it is being debated

Globalisation is the most slippery, dangerous, and important

Thomas Friedman divided globalisation into three

1. Globalisation of countries from year 1492 to 1800

2. Globalisation of companies from year 1800 to 2000

3. Globalisation of individual from year 2000 up to

 The 19th century Industrial Revolution brought advances

 In the last few decades, globalization has occurred at an

The simple definition of globalization is the

 In this new system all your threats and

 So basically we've gone from a world of division

 And in globalization, we reach for the Internet,

 We are all increasingly connected, but

 In addition, multinational corporations can manufacture,

 For example, a Japan-based car manufacturer can

 Advancements in IT and the flow of information

 Technological advancement such as digitalisation

 In social terms, globalization represents greater interconnectedness

 Culturally, globalization represents the exchange of ideas and values

 Politically, globalization has shifted countries' political activities to the

 With regard to law, globalization has altered how international law is

 Government policies designed to open economies

 However, these policies have created an international free

 Proponents of globalisation believe it allows

 China is a good example of a national economy that

 Trade initiatives increase cross-border trading by

 The North American Free Trade Agreement, for example,

 In addition, some feel the spread of pop culture

 Outsourcing, where U.S. companies transfer their

 An increase in the demand for goods has boosted manufacturing

 Globalisation has also increased homogenisation in countries.

 For example, international chains, such as Starbucks, Nike

 Cultural exchange has been largely one-sided

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