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Strings: string slices, immutability,

string functions and methods,
string module

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 Strings
• String is a sequence of characters.
• String may contain alphabets, numbers
and special characters.
• Usually strings are enclosed within a
single quotes and double quotes.
• Strings is immutable in nature.
• Example:
a='hello world’
b=“Python”
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 Inbuilt String
functions
• Python mainly contains 3 inbuilt string
functions.
• They are
– len()
– max()
– min()
• len()- Find out the length of characters in string
• min()- Smallest value in a string based on ASCII values
• max()- Largest value in a string based on ASCII values
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What is A SCII values

Problem Solving and Python Programming 5

Example for Inbuilt string
functions
name=input("Enter Your name:")
print("Welcome",name)

print("Length of your name:",len(name))

print("Maximum value of chararacter in your name",
max(name))
print("Minimum value of character in your
name",min(name))

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 OUTPUT
Enter Your name:PRABHAKARAN
Welcome PRABHAKARAN
Length of your name: 11
Maximum value of chararacter in your name
R Minimum value of character in your name
A

Problem Solving and Python Programming 7

 Strings
Concatenation
• The + operator used for string
concatenation.
Example:
a=“Hai”
b=“how are
you” c=a+b

print(c)
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 Operators on
String
• The Concatenate strings with the “*”
operator can create multiple concatenated
copies.
• Example:
>>> print("Python"*10)
PythonPythonPythonPythonPythonPython
PythonPythonPythonPython

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 String Slicing
• Slicing operation is used to
return/select/slice the particular substring
based on user requirements.
• A segment of string is called slice.
• Syntax: string_variablename [ start:end]

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 String Slice
example H e l l o
s=“Hello” 0 1 2 3 4
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1

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 Strings are
immutable
• Strings are immutable character sets.
• Once a string is generated, you cannot
change any character within the string.

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 String Comparision
• We can compare two strings using comparision
operators such as ==, !=, <,<=,>, >=
• Python compares strings based on
their corresponding ASCII values.

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Example of string
comparision
str1="green"

str2="black"
print("Is both Equal:",
str1==str2) print("Is str1> str2:",
str1>str2) print("Is str1< str2:", OUTPUT:

str1<str2) Is both Equal: False

Is str1> str2: True
Is str1< str2: False
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 String formatting
operator
• String formatting operator % is unique
to strings.
• Example:
print("My name is %s and i secured %d
marks in python” % ("Arbaz",92))
• Output:
My name is Arbaz and i secured 92 marks
in python
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String functions and
methods
len() min() max() isalnum() isalpha()

isdigit() islower() isuppe() isspace() isidentifier()

endswith() startswith() find() count() capitalize()

title() lower() upper() swapcase() replace()

center() ljust() rjust() center() isstrip()

rstrip() strip()

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i) Converting string
functions
captitalize() Only First character capitalized

lower() All character converted to lowercase

upper() All character converted to uppercase

title() First character capitalized in each word

swapcase() Lower case letters are converted to

Uppercase and Uppercase letters
are converted to Lowercase

replace(old,new) Replaces old string with nre string

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Program:
str=input("Enter any string:")
print("String Capitalized:", str.capitalize())
print("String lower case:", str.lower())
print("String upper case:", str.upper())
print("String title case:", str.title())
print("String swap case:", str.swapcase())

print("String replace case:",str.replace("python","python programming"))

Output:

Enter any string: Welcome to python

String Capitalized: Welcome to python
String lower case: welcome to python
String upper case: WELCOME TO PYTHON
String title case: Welcome To Python
String swap case: wELCOME TO PYTHON
String replace case: Welcome to python
Problem Solving and Python Programming 18
programming
 ii)Formatting String
functions
center(width) Returns a string centered in a field of given width

ljust(width) Returns a string left justified in a field of given width

rjust(width) Returns a string right justified in a field of given width

format(items) Formats a string

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Program:
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Center alignment:",
a.center(20)) print("Left alignment:",
a.ljust(20)) print("Right alignment:",
a.rjust(20))

Output:

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 iii) Removing
whitespace
Returns a string with
lstrip() characters
leading whitespace
characters removed
Returns a string with
trailing whitespace
rstrip() characters removed

Returns a string with

leading and trailing
strip() whitespace characters
removed

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 Program
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Left space trim:",a.lstrip())
print("Right space trim:",a.rstrip())
print("Left and right
trim:",a.strip()) Output:

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 iv) Testing
String/Character
isalnum()
Returns true if all characters in string are alphanumeric and there is
atleast one character

Returns true if all characters in string are alphabetic

isalpha()

Returns true if string contains only number character

isdigit()

Returns true if all characters in string are lowercase letters

islower()

Returns true if all characters in string are uppercase letters

isupper()

isspace() Returns true if string contains only whitespace characters.

Problem Solving and Python Programming 23
 Program
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Alphanumeric:",a.isalnum()
) print("Alphabetic:",a.isalpha())
print("Digits:",a.isdigit())
print("Lowecase:",a.islower())
Output:
print("Upper:",a.isupper())

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 v) Searching for
substring
Endswith() Returns true if the strings ends with the substring

Returns true if the strings starts with the substring

Startswith()

Returns the lowest index or -1 if substring not found

Find()

Count() Returns the number of occurrences of substring

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 Program
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Is string ends with thon:", a.endswith("thon"))
print("Is string starts with good:", a.startswith("good"))
print("Find:", a.find("ython"))
print("Count:", a.count(“o"))

Output:

Enter any string : welcome to python

Is string ends with thon: True
Is string starts with good: False
Find: 12
Count: 3
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 String Modules
• String module contains a number of functions to
process standard Python strings
• Mostly used string modules:
string.upper()
string.upper()
string.split()
string.join()
string.replace()
string.find()
string.count()
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 Example
import string
text="Monty Python Flying Circus"
print("Upper:", string.upper(text))
print("Lower:", string.lower(text))
print("Split:", string.split(text))
print("Join:", string.join(string.split(test),"+"))
print("Replace:", string.replace(text,"Python", "Java"))
print("Find:", string.find(text,"Python"))
print("Count", string.count(text,"n"))
Problem Solving and Python Programming 28
 Output
Upper: “MONTY PYTHON FLYING CIRCUS”
Lower: “monty python flying circus”
Split: [„Monty‟, „Python‟, „Flying‟, „Circus‟]
Join : Monty+Python+Flying+Circus
Replace: Monty Java Flying Circus
Find: 7
Count: 3

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