MANDATORY 8-HOUR SAFETY AND HEALTH SEMINAR FOR

WORKERS

(Pursuant to Section 16 (b) of RA 11058 and Section 3 of DO 198-18)

Series of 2018
 MODULE 1
I. Introduction to OSH
- Importance of OSH
- Situationer using company data/statistics
- Salient features of OSH Legislations
1.RA 11058 and its IRR (DO 198-18)
2.OSH Standards as amended including related
provisions of PD 626
• Company OSH Policies and Programs
 An introduction
Abstract:
BACKGROUND:
Global occupational health and safety (OHS) is strictly linked to
the dynamics of economic globalization. As the global and local
market is increasing, the gap between developed and
underdeveloped countries, occupational diseases, and injuries
affect a vast number of workers worldwide. Global OHS issues also
become local in developed countries due to many factors, including
untrained migrant workers in the formal/informal sector,
construction, maritime, mining, healthcare, and agriculture.

OBJECTIVE:
To identify the current status and challenges of local occupational
health and safety and the needs for preventive action, and
development.
 Importance of Occupational Safety & Health
Programs
Benefits may include:
*Improvements in product,
process, and service quality
*Better morale
*Improved recruiting
and retention
*More favorable image
and reputation
Salient features of OSH Legislations

Salient features of OSH Legislations

 Salient features of OSH Legislations
Penalties for Violations
Willful failure or refusal to comply with OSH Standards or compliance
orders shall be penalized with not more than P100,000 daily until full
compliance; reckoned from the date of issuance of Notice of Results or
Compliance Order.
Repeated violation of the same prohibited act shall be penalized of
the corresponding fine plus 50% for every in-stance of repeat
violation
When the violation exposes the worker to death, serious injury or
serious illness, the imposable penalty shall be P100,000.
Additional P100,000 fine for refusal to access the workplace, refusal to
provide or allow access to records, obstruct conduct of investigation,
misrepresentation and making retaliatory measures such as termination,
refusal to pay, reducing wages and benefits or discriminates any
worker who has given information relative to inspection
 Prohibited Acts and its Corresponding
Penalties
Registration of establishment to DOLE. P 20,000
Provision of job safety instruction or orientation prior to work P 20,000
Provision of worker’s training (first aid, mandatory workers training, mandatory P 25,000
OSH training for safety officers and health personnel)
Provision of safety signage and devices P 30,000
Provision of medical supplies, equipment and facilities P 30,000
Submission of reportorial requirements as prescribed by OSH standards P 40,000
Provision of safety officer and/or OH personnel P 40,000
Provision of certified personnel or professional required by the OSH standards  

Establishment of a safety and health committee P 40,000

Formulation and implementation of a comprehensive safety and health program P 40,000

revision of information on hazards and risk (absence of chemical safety data P 40,000
sheet, no written SOP in materials handling, lifting etc. no permitting system for
confined spaces/hot works, no lock-out/tag-out system etc.
Provision of sanitary and welfare facilities P 40,000
Use of approved or certified devices and equipment for the task P 50,000
Provision of PPE or charging of provided PPE to workers P 50,000
Compliance with DOLE issued WSO P 50,000
Compliance to other OSH standards P 40,000
 Enforcement/Effectivity

Enforcement is through the DOLE-Regional Offices having

jurisdiction over the workplace
D.O. 183-17 shall govern the procedure in the implementation of
DOLE D.O. 198-18
OSH Law IRR, DOLE D.O. 198-18 effectivity: 25 January 2019
 Coverage
All private establishments where work is being undertaken
including establishments located inside special economic zones and
other investment promotion agencies
(e.g. Philippine Economic Zone [PEZA],
Clark Development Corporation [CDC])
Utilities engaged in air, sea and land transportation
Exemption —Public Sector (national government agencies,
government-owned and controlled corporations with original
charters, government financial institutions, state universities
and colleges and local government units)
 Duties and Rights
Employer’s Duties.
Provide a safe and healthy workplace through the following, among others:
Capacity building of all workers including mandatory trainings;
Provision of information on OSH;
Use of devices/equipment with approved industry standards;
Compliance with all the requirements of the OSH Standards;
Provide appropriate DOLE tested and approved PPE’s FREE of charge
to the workers. Workers’ Rights:
To know the different types of hazards in the workplace;
Be provided with training, education and orientation;
To refuse unsafe work without threat or reprisal from the employer in
cases of imminent danger. Affected workers may be temporarily assigned
to other work areas;
To report accidents and dangerous occurrences to DOLE-RO’s and
other government agencies in the most convenient way; Workers
shall be free from retaliation for reporting any accident;
Workplace Classification based on Risks
Based on the level of risks brought about by the nature of
activities/business processes in the establishment; determined
by the company safety officer.
Low Risk Workplace refers to those with less exposure to
safety and health hazards, having low level of danger, with no
or less probability to cause an accident, harm, injury or illness
Medium Risk Workplace refers to those having moderate
exposure to safety and health hazards and with probability of an
accident, injury or illness if no preventive or control measures
are in place
High Risk Workplace refers to those wherein presence of
hazards affects not only workers but persons outside
establishment; with high level of exposure to safety and health
hazards; probability of major accident is likely to occur
 Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
Programs
Covered workplaces through the Health and Safety Commit-tee (HSC),
shall develop and implement a suitable OSH Pro-gram following the
DOLE-prescribed format.
OSH Program shall be submitted and considered approved upon
stamped-received by concerned DOLE-Regional Office or Field Office.
Pre-approved program shall be validated during inspection and may be
modified by DOLE as neces-sary, based on existing laws, rules and
regulations.
The HSC shall review and evaluate the OSH Program at least once a year
or as necessary. A revised copy of the program shall be submitted to
DOLE.
A suitable Construction Safety and Health Program (CHSP) specific
for each construction project shall be submitted to concerned DOLE-
Regional Office or Field Office for its ap-proval prior to start of the
project.
The total cost of implementing OSH Programs shall be an integral
part of the company’s operations cost.
 OSH Personnel Complement

All covered workplaces shall have qualified OSH personnel:

First Aider
Safety Officer
Nurses [Number and type of OSH personnel are based on
the number of employees and the correct determination by the
Safety Officer of his/her workplace classification]
*Refer to Table of OSH Personnel on Sec. 14 & Sec. 15
of D.O. 198-18
Safety and Health Training Requirements
All OSH personnel shall undergo the prescribed mandatory
trainings from DOLE-accredited Safety Training
Organizations or its recognized training institutions.
All workers shall undergo the mandatory 8-hour OSH seminar
as prescribed by DOLE. This training may be conducted by
the company safety officer in a staggered manner.
Workers performing critical occupations shall undergo the
mandatory competency assessment and certification by
TESDA.Workers’ OSH seminars and trainings/orientations
required by the employer or by other regulations in the
performance of their task shall be undertaken at no cost to
the worker and considered as compensable working time
 Workers’ Welfare Facilities
All workers shall have FREE access and use of the following
welfare facilities:
Adequate supply of safe drinking water
Adequate sanitary and washing facilities
Suitable living accommodation as may be applicable such as in
construction, shipping, fishing and night workers
Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping quarters for all
genders, as may be applicable
Lactation Station
Ramps, railings and the like
Medical Facilities (treatment room/clinic) Other workers’
welfare facilities as may be prescribed by the OSH Standards and
other issuances
 Joint and Solidary Liability

The employer, project owner, contractor or subcontractor and any

person who manages, controls or supervises the work being
undertaken shall be jointly and solidarily liable for compliance
with the Occupational Safety and Health Standards and
corresponding penalties for violations.
 Incentives
Incentives may be given to qualified employers and workers
in recognition of their efforts in ensuring compliance with the
OSH standards.
Incentives shall be given in the form of training, additional
protective equipment, technical guidance, recognition awards
and the like.
 Inter-Government Coordination and
Cooperation

A Joint Coordinating Committee shall be established to

effectively implement the Law and its IRR.
The Committee shall develop mechanisms for harmonizing each
Agency’s mandates/policies/guidelines related to OSH, with
reference to the Law .
DOLE to collaboratively work with DENR, DOE, DoTR, DA,
DPWH, DTI, DILG-LGUs, DOH, DICT, PEZA and other government
agencies
OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY AND HEALTH
PROVISIONS AND MANDATE
 OSH STANDARDS

Purpose :
To protect every working man against the
dangers of injury, sickness or death
through safe and healthful working
conditions
 OLLH-OSH Policies and Programs

OLLH- Free Drugs working place

OLLH- a NO smoking place
OLLH- Equal protection
 MODULE 2
Understanding Occupational, Safety and
Health (OSH)
ACCIDENT CAUSATION
 Industrial Revolution
Factory managers reasoned that
workers were hurt because —

Number is Up
Carelessness People Error

ACCIDENT
Cost of doing
Force
Business
Majeure
PEOPLE PROBLEM
 Domino Theory
1932 First Scientific Approach to
Accident/Prevention – Herbert W. Heinrich
“Industrial Accident Prevention”

Social Fault of the Unsafe Act

Environment Person or Accident Injury
and Ancestry (Carelessness) Condition

MISTAKES OF PEOPLE
 Heinrich’s Theorems
• INJURY - caused by accidents.
• ACCIDENTS - caused by an unsafe act –
injured person or an unsafe condition –
work place.
• UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITIONS - caused by careless
persons or poorly designed or improperly maintained
equipment.
• FAULT OF PERSONS - created by social
environment or acquired by ancestry.
• SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT/ANCESTRY - where and
how a person was raised and educated.
 Heinrich’s Theory
• Corrective Action Sequence
(The three “E”s)

Engineering
Education
Enforcement
 Behavioral Theory
• Often referred to as behavior-based safety
(BBS)
• 7 basic principles of BBS
– Intervention
– Identification of internal factors
– Motivation to behave in the desired manner
– Focus on the positive consequences of appropriate
behavior
– Application of the scientific method
– Integration of information
– Planned interventions
 Accident Theory
FACTORS

YOU
Primary causes of accidents

*UNSAFE Act
*UNSAFE Condition
 Unsafe Act
The human action that departs from a standard
job procedure or safe practice, safety
regulations or instructions.
Unsafe Acts
*Operating Equipment without Authority
*Disregard of SOP or instructions
*Removing Safety Devices
*Using Defective equipment
*Using improper PPEs or Using PPEs improperly
*Horseplay
*Working in an unsafe posture
*Absent-mindedness / Nervousness
*Willful intent to injure
*Working while under the influence of alcohol or drugs
*Improper lifting and carrying
*Lack of knowledge or skills
*Failure to understand instructions
 Unsafe Condition
The physical or chemical property of a material, machine or the
environment which could result in injury to a person, damage or
destruction to property or other forms of losses.
Unsafe Conditions
*Wet slippery floors
*Unstable stacking of materials
*Protruding re-bars
*Live conductors without insulation
*Equipment without machine guarding
*Poor storage of combustible materials
 Prevention of Accidents

Requires the promotion of safe

behaviours and maintenance of a safe
working environment.
 Controlling Unsafe Acts
Reward:
*Financial bonus
*Promotion
*Extra responsibility
*Incentive schemes
Active Encouragement of Involvement in:
*Decisions on Consultation
*Risk Assessments
*Safe Systems of Work
Provision of:
*Training
*Good Working Environment
*Welfare Facilities
*Explanation of Ultimate Consequences
*Consistent/Controlled Discipline
 Definitions of Terms and Example
Safety Hazards: ‘ A Hazard is a potential source of harm or adverse health effect on a person or
persons’

Hazard Example
Physical hazards Wet floors
Loose electrical cables Objects
protruding in walkways or doorways
Ergonomic hazards Lifting heavy objects Stretching
the body
Twisting the body
Poor desk seating
Psychological hazards Heights
Loud sounds
Tunnels
Bright lights
Environmental hazards Room temperature
Ventilation Contaminated air
Photocopiers
Some office plants Acids
Hazardous substances Alkalis Solvents

Biological hazards Hepatitis B

New strain influenza
Radiation hazards Electric welding flashes Sunburn
 Health Hazards
All chemicals we use can potentially cause harm to our health so it’s
very important that we understand what that hazards are and how
to prevent exposure. There are four main classes of health hazard
namely corrosive, toxic, harmful and irritant. These are then sub-
divided into different categories depending on the degree of
danger and assigned specific hazard statements.

•Corrosive material which may cause skin burns and permanent eye
damage.
•Avoid contact with skin and eyes
•Do not breathe vapours or sprays
•Wear protective clothing
Toxic: Material which may cause life threatening effects even in
small amounts and with short exposure.

•Do not swallow the material,

or allow it to come into contact
with skin or breathe it.

Harmful: May cause serious and prolonged health effects on short

or long term exposure.
•Do not swallow the material,
Or allow it to come into contact
with skin or breathe it
Irritation: May cause irritation (redness, rash) or less serious
toxicity.
• Keep away from skin and eyes
• Avoid release to the environment
 RISK
What is RISK?
The combination of the likelihood and the consequences of a specific event,
that a person may be harmed or suffers adverse health effects if exposed to
a hazards.’

1. Low Risks:
A low risk workplace is one where workers are not exposed to hazards that
could result in serious injury or illness. Examples of low risk workplaces
include offices, shops or libraries. Potential work-related injuries and
illnesses requiring first aid would be minor in nature.
2. Medium Risks:
Off-site medical treatment required.
3. High Risks:
A high level of risk is one where an event is very likely to occur and may cause
death or serious injury/illness.
 MODULE 3
IV. Basic Safety Rules and Measures for workplace hazards
Housekeeping and Materials Handling and Storage
Introduction
Handling and storing materials involve diverse operations such as
hoisting tons of steel with a crane; driving a truck loaded with
concrete blocks; carrying bags or materials manually; and stacking
palletized bricks or other materials such as drums, barrels, kegs,
and lumber.

The efficient handling and storing of materials are vital to

industry. In addition to raw materials, these operations provide a
continuous flow of parts and assemblies through the workplace and
ensure that materials are available when needed. Unfortunately,
the improper handling and storing of materials often result in
costly injuries.
 Introduction
Lesson objectives:

*Identify types of material handling equipment.

*Describe hazards associated with material handling
activities (e.g., storage, use, and disposal).
*Identify methods to prevent hazards associated with
material handling equipment.
*Recognize employer requirements to protect workers
from material handling hazards.
 Hazards Associated with Materials Handling
Factors contributing to injuries:

Weight and bulkiness of objects

Bending, twisting, turning movements
 Hazards Associated with Materials Handling
Hazards:
Improper operation of equipment
Accumulated materials or clutter

Examples of improper operation of equipment – overloads, unsafe speeds,

Poor housekeeping presents tripping hazards, fire/explosion hazards, or hazards
associated with harboring pests (rats, mice, etc.)
 Hazards Associated with Materials Handling

Unsafe conditions of materials or containers

Flammability or toxicity of some materials

Examples of unsafe conditions – protruding nails, dry rot, deteriorated containers

Primary hazards associated with flammable materials are explosion and fire.
Weight of materials
Binding ties or other devices that secure bundles or
bound materials

Falling objects – due to improper handling or storage, overloading capacity, etc.

Manually moving large, heavy, and/or irregularly-shaped objects can cause injuries;
back injuries are a common injury associated with manual moving of heavy, bulky
items
 Hazards Associated with Materials Handling
Improperly stacked materials
Struck-by or caught-in/-between hazards

Improperly stacked materials have potential for sliding, falling, or collapsing, which
can lead to struck-by or crushed-by incidents.

Equipment, machinery or falling loads lead to struck-by or caught-in/-between

incidents. Photo on right shows worker who was crushed after wooden supports were
removed allowing stone slabs in container to collapse.
 Hazards Associated with Materials Handling
Types of injuries commonly reported:
Sprains, strains, tears
Soreness and pain
Bruises and contusions

Cuts, lacerations, punctures, crushing, and amputations

Back injuries: lifting or bending and then twisting and turning
Strains and sprains: improper lifting or carrying loads too large or heavy
Fractures and bruises from: struck by materials or caught in pinch points

Cuts, bruises, punctures, crushing and amputations– falling materials that have been
improperly stacked or had ties/securing devices incorrectly cut/removed
 MODULE 4
Application of
Hazards Identification , Risk Assessment and Control (HIRAC)
-Key steps in recognizing and identifying hazards
1. Safety Hazards
2. Health Hazards
-Risk Assessment and Prioritization
-Application of Controls (Elimination, Substitution, Engineering,
Administrative & PPE)
-Workshop on Accomplishing Risk Assessment Form/Matrix
Hierarchy of Hazard Controls
 What is a hazard control program?

A hazard control program consists of all steps necessary to protect

workers from exposure to a substance or system, the training and
the procedures required to monitor worker exposure and their
health to hazards such as chemicals, materials or substance, or
other types of hazards such as noise and vibration. A written
workplace hazard control program should outline which methods are
being used to control the exposure and how these controls will be
monitored for effectiveness.
 How do I know what kind of control is
needed?
Selecting an appropriate control is not always easy. It often involves doing
a risk assessment to evaluate and prioritize the hazards and risks. In
addition, both "normal" and any potential or unusual situations must be
studied. Each program should be specially designed to suit the needs of
the individual workplace. Hence, no two programs will be exactly alike.
Choosing a control method may involve:
Evaluating and selecting temporary and permanent controls.
Implementing temporary measures until permanent (engineering) controls
can be put in place.
Implementing permanent controls when reasonably practicable.

For example,
in the case of a noise hazard, temporary measures might require workers
to use hearing protection.
Long term, permanent controls might use engineering methods to remove
or isolate the noise source.
 Why should a workplace implement hazard
controls?
Some hazards and their controls will be specifically outlined in
legislation (OSH standards). In all cases, the employer has a duty
of due diligence and is responsible for 'taking all reasonable
precautions, under the particular circumstances, to prevent injuries
or accidents in the workplace'.

In situations where there is not a clear way to control a hazard, or

if legislation does not impose a limit or guideline, you should seek
guidance from occupational health professionals such as an
occupational hygienist or safety professional about what is the
"best practice" or "standard practice" when working in that
situation.
Remember!

A legal limit or guideline (such as an exposure limit) should never be viewed as

a line between "safe" and "unsafe". The best approach is to always keep
exposures or the risk of a hazard as low as possible.
What are the main ways to control a hazard?
The main ways to control a hazard include:
Elimination (including substitution): remove the hazard from the
workplace, or substitute (replace) hazardous materials or machines
with less hazardous ones.
Engineering Controls: includes designs or modifications to plants,
equipment, ventilation systems, and processes that reduce the
source of exposure.
Administrative Controls: controls that alter the way the work is
done, including timing of work, policies and other rules, and work
practices such as standards and operating procedures (including
training, housekeeping, and equipment maintenance, and personal
hygiene practices).
Personal Protective Equipment: equipment worn by individuals to
reduce exposure such as contact with chemicals or exposure to
noise.
These methods are also known as the "hierarchy of control". Some
sources may use a variation of this hierarchy. For example, the
OSH standard Rule 1070: Occupational health and safety – Hazard
identification and elimination and risk assessment and control
includes a level called "systems that increase awareness of
potential hazards". This systems level is placed in between
engineering controls and administrative controls.

However, regardless of the number of levels included, the

hierarchy should be considered in the order presented (it is always
best to try to eliminate the hazard first, etc).
 Where are controls used?
Controls are usually placed:
At the source (where the hazard "comes from").
Along the path (where the hazard "travels").
At the worker.

Example:

Control at the source and control along the path are sometimes also
known as engineering controls
 What is meant by elimination?
Elimination is the process of removing the hazard from the
workplace. It is the most effective way to control a risk because
the hazard is no longer present. It is the preferred way to control
a hazard and should be used whenever possible.
 What is substitution?

Substitution occurs when a new chemical or substance that is less

hazardous is used instead of another chemical. It is sometimes
grouped with elimination because, in effect, you are removing the first
substance or hazard from the workplace. The goal, obviously, is to
choose a new chemical that is less hazardous than the original.
 Instead Of: Consider:

carbon tetrachloride (causes liver damage, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dichloromethane

cancer)
benzene (causes cancer) toluene, cyclohexane, ketones

pesticides (causes various effects on body) "natural" pesticides such as pyrethrins

organic solvents (causes various effects on water-detergent solutions

body)
leaded glazes, paints, pigments (causes versions that do not contain lead
various effects on body)
sandstone grinding wheels (causes severe synthetic grinding wheels such as aluminium
respiratory illness due to silica) oxide

Remember, however, that you need to make sure the substitute chemical or substance is
not causing any harmful effects, and to control and monitor exposures to make sure that the
replacement chemical or substance is below occupational exposure limits.

Another type of substitution includes using the same chemical but to use it in a different
form. For example, a dry, dusty powder may be a significant inhalation hazard but if this
material can be purchased and used as pellets or crystals, there may be less dust in the air
and therefore less exposure.
Remember!

When substituting, be very careful that one hazard is not being traded for
another. Before deciding to replace a chemical/substance with another,
consider all the implications and potential risks of the new material.

See the OSH Answers document Substitution of Chemicals: Considerations

for Selection for more information.

Substitution may also include using a machine that requires less energy, or
lifting items with less weight.
 What are examples of engineering
controls?
Engineering controls are methods that are built into the design of a
plant, equipment or process to minimize the hazard. Engineering
controls are a very reliable way to control worker exposures as long
as the controls are designed, used and maintained properly. The
basic types of engineering controls are:

Process control.
Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source.
Ventilation.
Process control involves changing the way a job activity or process
is done to reduce the risk. Monitoring should be done before and as
well as after the change is implemented to make sure the changes
did, in fact, control the hazard.

Examples of process changes include to:

Use wet methods rather than dry when drilling or grinding. "Wet
method" means that water is sprayed over a dusty surface to keep
dust levels down or material is mixed with water to prevent dust
from being created.
Use an appropriate vacuum or "wet method" instead of dry
sweeping (e.g. with a broom) to control dust and reduce the
inhalation hazard.
Note: Never use a regular "household" vacuum cleaner,
especially when cleaning toxic material such as lead, or asbestos.
Use a vacuum specifically designed for industrial workplaces and be
sure to use appropriate filters, etc.
Use steam cleaning instead of solvent degreasing (but be sure to
evaluate the potential high temperature hazard being introduced
such as heat stress).
Use electric motors rather than diesel ones to eliminate diesel
exhaust emissions.
Float "balls" on open-surface tanks that contain solvents (e.g.
degreasing operations) to reduce solvent surface area and to lower
solvent loss.
Instead of conventional spray painting, try to dip, paint with a
brush, or use "airless" spray paint methods. These methods will
reduce the amount of paint that is released into the air.
Decrease the temperature of a process so that less vapour is
released.
Use automation - the less workers have to handle or use the
materials, the less potential there is for exposure.
Use mechanical transportation rather than manual methods.
 Enclosure and Isolation
These methods aim to keep the chemical "in" and the worker "out"
(or vice versa).
An enclosure keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the
worker. Enclosed equipment, for example, is tightly sealed and it is
typically only opened for cleaning or maintenance. Other examples
include "glove boxes" (where a chemical is in a ventilated and
enclosed space and the employee works with the material by using
gloves that are built in), abrasive blasting cabinets, or remote
control devices. Care must be taken when the enclosure is opened for
maintenance as exposure could occur if adequate precautions are not
taken. The enclosure itself must be well maintained to prevent leaks.

Isolation places the hazardous process "geographically" away from

the majority of the workers. Common isolation techniques are to
create a contaminant-free or noise-free booth either around the
equipment or around the employee workstations.
 Ventilation
Ventilation is a method of control that strategically "adds" and
"removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or
dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. Local exhaust
ventilation is very adaptable to almost all chemicals and operations.
It removes the contaminant at the source so it cannot disperse into
the work space and it generally uses lower exhaust rates than
general ventilation (general ventilation usually exchanges air in the
entire room).

Local exhaust ventilation is an effective means of controlling

hazardous exposures but should be used when other methods (such
as elimination or substitution) are not possible.
A local exhaust ventilation system consists of these basic parts:

A hood that captures the contaminants generated in the air (at

the source).
Ductwork (exhaust stack and/or recirculation duct) that carries
the contaminated air to the air cleaning device, if present or to the
fan (away from the source).
A fan which draws the air from the hood into the ducts and
removes the air from the workspace. The fan must overcome all the
losses due to friction, hood entry, and fittings in the system while
producing the intended flow rate.
Air cleaning devices may also be present that can remove
contaminants such as dust (particulates), gases and vapours from
the air stream before it is discharged or exhausted into the
environment (outside air), depending on the material(s) being used
in the hood.
The design of a ventilation system is very important and must match the particular
process and chemical or contaminant in use. Expert guidance should be sought.
It is a very effective control measure but only if it is designed, tested, and
maintained properly.

Because contaminants are exhausted to the outdoors, you should also check with
your local environment ministry or municipality for any environmental air
regulations or bylaws that may apply in your area.
 What are examples of systems that
increase awareness?

Systems that increase awareness are methods that help the worker to
detect if a hazard is present. Examples of these hazard controls
include warning systems, visual or audible alarms, warning signs, or
other indicators that alert the worker to a situation.
 What are examples of administrative
controls?
Administrative controls limit workers' exposures by scheduling shorter work
times in contaminant areas or by implementing other "rules". These control
measures have many limitations because the hazard itself is not actually
removed or reduced. Administrative controls are not generally favored
because they can be difficult to implement, maintain and are not a reliable
way to reduce exposure. When necessary, methods of administrative control
include:
Restricting access to a work area.
Restricting the task to only those competent or qualified to perform the
work.
Scheduling maintenance and other high exposure operations for times
when few workers are present (such as evenings, weekends).
Using job-rotation schedules that limit the amount of time an individual
worker is exposed to a substance.
Using a work-rest schedule that limits the length of time a worker is
exposure to a hazard.
 Work Practices
Work practices are also a form of administrative controls. In most
workplaces, even if there are well designed and well maintained
engineering controls present, safe work practices are very
important. Some elements of safe work practices include:

Developing and implementing safe work procedures or standard

operating procedures.
Training and education of employees about the operating
procedures as well as other necessary workplace training
(including WHMIS).
Establishing and maintaining good housekeeping programs.
Keeping equipment well maintained.
Preparing and training for emergency response for incidents
such as spills, fire or employee injury.
 Education and Training
Employee education and training on how to conduct their work safely
helps to minimize the risk of exposure and is a critical element of any
complete workplace health and safety program. Training must cover
not only how to do the job safely but it must also ensure that workers
understand the hazards and risks of their job. It must also provide them
with information on how to protect themselves and co-workers.

Good Housekeeping
Good housekeeping is essential to prevent the accumulation of
hazardous or toxic materials (e.g., build-up of dust or contaminant on
ledges, or beams), or hazardous conditions (e.g., poor stockpiling).
For more information about workplace housekeeping, please see the
OSH Answers document Workplace Housekeeping - Basic Guide.
For more information about combustible dust, please see the OSH
Answers document Combustible Dusts.
What should I know about personal protective equipment
(PPE) as a hazard control method?
Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes items such as
respirators, protective clothing such as gloves, face shields, eye
protection, and footwear that serve to provide a barrier between the
wearer and the chemical or material.

It is the final item on the list for a very good reason. Personal protective
equipment should never be the only method used to reduce exposure
except under very specific circumstances because PPE may "fail" (stop
protecting the worker) with little or no warning. For example:
"breakthrough" can occur with gloves, clothing, and respirator
cartridges.

No matter which type of PPE is used, it is essential to have a complete

PPE program in place.
 Why is it important to monitor and review your hazard control
program and methods?

It is important to monitor both the hazard and the control method to make sure that the
control is working effectively and that exposure to the hazard is reduced or eliminated.
Some tools include physical inspection, testing, exposure assessment, observations,
injury and illness tracking, accident/incident investigations reports, employee
feedback/input, occupational health assessment and other methods.
Be sure to answer the following questions:

Have the controls solved the problem?

Is the risk posed by the original hazard contained?
Have any new hazards been created?
Are new hazards appropriately controlled?
Are monitoring processes adequate?
Have workers been adequately informed about the situation?
Have orientation and training programs been modified to deal with the new situation?
Are any other measures required?
Has the effectiveness of hazard controls been documented in your committee minutes?
What else can be done?
 SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT

Assessor Name: Date:

Division Assessed : Department: Unit: Endosco py
Main Bldg.
Location: MAB Bldg.
Bridge between Main Building and MAB Bldg. Floor No.
DESCRIPTIONS AND SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS
Activity/ Procedure being assessed:
Known or expected hazards and risks associated with the activity:
Possible consequences: What are the possible consequences? How likely are these consequences to occur? What is the
possible severity of Harm?
Who is/are at
Risk:
Current Risk Rating:
Probability Impact Risk Safety Risk Map
Score Score Rating
Possible (1-Unlikely, 2- (1- Negligible, (Probability x
Consequences (Risks) Possible, 2- Limited, 3- Impact) 4 4 8 12 16
3-Likely, 4- Significant, 4-

Im p a c t
Almost Certain) Maximum)
3 3 6 9 12
2 2 4 6 8
1 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
Probability
INTERVENTIONS REQUIRED AND RECOMMENDED (MITIGATION CONTROL MANAGEMENT)
Measures to be taken to eliminate the hazard or lower the level of risk
A. Short Term/ Corrective
B. Long Term/ Preventive:
Is there a risk of the control measures failing? What would the consequences be?
Training Requirements: [ ] Yes [ ] No
If yes, specify:
REMAINING/ RESIDUAL RISKS IF THE INTERVENTIONS ARE ALL CARRIED-OUT (HIRAC) Hi erarchy of Intervntion Risk and Control
Probability Impact Risk Safety Risk Map
Score Score Rating
Possible (1-Unlikely, 2- (1- Negligible, (Probability x
Consequences (Risks) Possible, 2- Limited, 3- Impact) 4 4 8 12 16
3-Likely, 4- Significant, 4- Im p a c t
Almost Certain) Maximum)
3 3 6 9 12
2 2 4 6 8
1 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
Probability

Actions to be taken in an emergency:

RECOMMENDATIONS (FOR IMMEDIATE IMPLEMENTATION)