Introduction to

Building Management Systems

(BMS)

Alcontin, Charise Erika, C.

Carolino, Christine Joy, B.
Dela Rosa, Jabin
Layco, Jerahmeel Andrew, B.
Lim, Justin Clifford, T.
Magundayao, Jolly Ann, A.
Ong, Timothy Michael, K.
Semira, Rodolfo Anthony Jr., M.
Tan, Justin Lyroi L.

July 14, 2009

Building Management Systems (BMS)

A Building Management System (BMS) is a

computer-based control system installed in
buildings that controls and monitors the
building’s mechanical and electrical
equipment such as ventilation, lighting, power
systems, fire systems, and security systems.
Building Management Systems (BMS)
Building Management Systems (BMS)
Building Management Systems (BMS)

BENEFITS
Building Management Systems (BMS)
Still don’t get why?
Building Management Systems (BMS)
Building Management Systems (BMS)
 HVAC
• Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
(HVAC)
• HVAC is sometimes referred to as climate
control and is particularly important in the
design of medium to large industrial and office
buildings such as skyscrapers and in marine
environments such as aquariums, where
humidity and temperature must all be closely
regulated while maintaining safe and healthy
conditions within.
HVAC History
 HVAC Control Systems
• A HVAC control system is a
computerized control
system for climate control
in buildings.
• These systems typically use
one or more central
controllers to command
and monitor the remote
terminal unit controllers,
and they communicate with
one or more personal
computers that are used as
the operator interface.
HVAC System
HVAC System
HVAC System
HVAC System
Sample HVAC System Topologies
Sample HVAC System Topologies
 HVAC Design Considerations
Criteria for a Quality HVAC System

An HVAC system should:

1. Be properly sized to provide correct
air flow, and meet room-by-room
calculated heating and cooling loads.
2. Be installed so that the static air
pressure drop across the handler is
within manufacturer and design
specifications to have the capacity to
meet the calculated loads.
3. Have sealed supply ductwork that
will provide proper air flow.
4. Be installed with a return system
sized to provide correct return air
flow.
HVAC Design Considerations
5. Have sealed return ductwork that will provide
proper air flow to the fan, and avoid air entering
the HVAC system from polluted zones (e.g.,
fumes from autos and stored chemicals, and attic
particulates).

6. Have balanced air flows between supply and

return systems to maintain neutral pressure in
the home.

7. Minimize duct air temperature gain or loss

between the air handler and room registers, and
between return registers and the air handler.

8. Be properly charged with refrigerant.

9. Have proper burner operation and proper draft.

• HVAC System Controls should be able to provide

for attaining these goals by proper zoning and
installation of sensors and controls
Building Management Systems (BMS)
Building Management Systems (BMS)
 LIGHTING

Digital Addressable Lighting Interface

 Brief Description
• DALI stands for Digital Addressable Lighting
Interface
• Interface –ballast
• DALI System
• up to 64 individual ballast
• Building Management System
 History of DALI Protocol
• 1990
– Philips, Osram, Tridonic, Huco, Trilux, and
Vossloh-Schwabe
– 0-10V dimming system.
• 1991
– Tridonic.atco
– Digital Serial Interface (DSI) ballast
 History of DALI Protocol
• 1998
– Tridonic.atco
– Digital Addressable Lighting Interface Ballast
– Does not comply to any standards.
• 2000
– International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
– Standard 60929, Annex E
History of DALI Protocol
• National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA)
– Wiring Devices, Controls, and Ballasts
• IESNA Controls Subcommittee
– Asked by NEMA to comment on DALI proposal
 History of DALI Protocol
• Digital Addressable Lighting Interface Activity
Group (DALI AG).
– To promote the DALI protocol
– 24 members as of September 2001
• International Rectifier, CA
• Lightolier, Canada
• Lutron, PA
• Osram, Germany
• Philips, Netherlands
• Tridonic, Austria
 DALI Features and Advantages
• Dimming
• Daylight Sensing
• Save Energy
• Space Use Flexibility
• Ease of Modification
• Lower Maintenance Cost
• Individual Control
• Integration with a Building Management System
• Emergency Lighting Testing
• Installation/Design
• Ability to Work with Retrofit Design
 DALI Equipment
• DALI Ballast
– Ex. Tridonic PCA excel one4all ballast
 DALI Equipment
• DALI Control Unit
– Ex. Watt Stopper EZ Dali Control Unit
 DALI Equipment
• DALI Power Supply
• Low Voltage Wires
• Optional DALI Equipment
– Occupancy Sensor
– Photosensor
– Routers
 Design Consideration
• Block Diagram
 Design Consideration
• Wiring Topology
 Sample Design
• Sample Floor Plan
 Sample Design
• Building Plan
Building Management Systems (BMS)
Building Management Systems (BMS)
 What is an Elevator
• It is a transport vehicle that moves vertically.
• It carries people or commodities between
floors of a building.
• It is powered by an electric motor that drives
cables, counterweight systems .
• The motor can also pump the hydraulic fluid
to raise a cylindrical piston.
 History
• In 236 B.C, Roman architect Vitruvius
reported that Archimedes built his
first elevator.
• In the 17th century the prototypes of
elevators were located in the palace
buildings of England and France
• In 1852 Elisha Graves Otis, invented
the first safety brake for elevators.
 Features/Applications
• Helps people get to different floors easily.
• Help minimize time constraints in carrying
commodities.
• Current Elevators now offers several security
systems and enhancements
– E.g. CCTV Cameras, Intercom, Air Conditioners,
Dust Fans.
System Parts / Components
System Parts / Components
 System Parts / Components
• Counter Weights
 System Parts / Components
• Guide Rails
 System Parts / Components
• Frames
Sample Design
Sample Design
Sample Design
 Design Considerations
• All elements that are part of the elevator
system.
• Car, counterweight frames, guide rails,
supporting brackets and framing, as well as
supports.
• Also, attachments for driving machinery,
operating devices, and control equipment.
 Design Considerations
• Avoid the use of tile or brick hoistway walls,
particularly those conforming to Seismic Design
Classification D, E, and F.
• Avoid locating building expansion joints between
the elevator hoistway and elevator room.
• Indicate water stops in the walls. Indicate
waterproofing for the elevator pit floor and walls
if not indicated on the architectural drawings.
Design Considerations
Building Management Systems (BMS)
Building Management Systems (BMS)
Security and Fire Protection
System
 Fire Sprinkler System
• Active fire protection
measure
• Consists of a water
supply, providing
adequate pressure and
flow rate to a water
distribution piping
system, onto which fire
sprinklers are
connected.
 History
• World’s first recognizable sprinkler system was
installed in the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in the
United Kingdom in 1812
• From 1852 to 1885, perforated pipe systems
• Around 1860, began experimenting with
automatic sprinklers
• Henry S. Parmalee of New Haven, Connecticut
• Installed for the protection of factories and large
commercial buildings
• Become mandatory safety equipment
 Usage
• In1874, sprinklers were used in factory
applications and large commercial buildings
• To be installed by building codes
• Buildings codes in U. S. such as hotels, nursing
homes, dormitories and hospitals usually
(under local building codes)
 Operation
• Closed by either a heat-sensitive glass bulb or a
two-part metal link held together with fusible
alloy
• It applies pressure to a pip cap which acts as a
plug which prevents water from flowing
• independently when the predetermined heat
level is reached
• Typical sprinkler (for industrial manufacturing):
75-150 liters/min
• Typical ESRP at 50 psi: 380 liters/min
 Types
Wet Pipe System
- Mostly used
- Simple and more
reliable
- Automatic sprinkler
heads attached to a
piping system
 Types
Dry Pipe System
- Automatic sprinkler heads
attached to a piping system
containing air or nitrogen
under pressure
- Pressure permits the water
pressure to open a valve
known as a dry pipe valve
and the water then flows
into the piping system and
out of the open sprinkler
head.
 Types
• Pre-action System
- similar to a deluge
sprinkler system except
the sprinklers are closed
- areas containing high
value equipment or
contents and spaces
which are highly sensitive
to the effects of
accidental sprinkler
water discharge
 Types
• Deluge System
- similar to a wet or
dry pipe system
- Differences:
a. Standard sprinklers
are used, but they
are all open
b.The deluge valve is
normally closed
 Sample Design for Fire Sprinkler
System

3D Drawing of Fire Sprinkler System

Drawing of Fire Sprinkler System
Piping – Installed Around Air Ducts
Piping – Installed Around Air Ducts
 Sample Design for Fire Sprinkler
System

3D Drawing of Fire Sprinkler Fire Sprinkler System Piping –

System Piping – Spider Web Spider Web Design in an
Design in an Auditorium Auditorium
 Fire Alarm System
• to detect the unwanted presence of fire
• to notify people to evacuate in the event of
a fire or other emergency
• to summon emergency forces aid
• to prepare the structure and associated
systems to control the spread of fire and
smoke.
 Brief History
• Roving watchmen using hand
bell-ringers or church sextons
ringing church bells or factory
steam whistles.
• The advent of telegraph
(1840’s)
• First municipal electric fire alarm
system (1852)
• First electric fire sensor (1970)
 Applications
• In residential and commercial
establishments
• Required by Fire Code of the Phils. (RA
9514)
Fire Alarm System Components
1. Fire Alarm Control Panel
2. Primary Power supply
3. Secondary (backup) Power supplies
4. Initiating Devices
5. Notification Appliances
6. Building Safety Interfaces
System Components: Fire Alarm Control Panel

• electric panel that is the controlling component

of a fire alarm system
• Receives information from sensors
• Provides for automatic control of equipment
• Provides the transmission of necessary
information
 System Components:Primary Power
Supply
• 120 Volt AC source supplied from a
commercial power utility
• For commercial applications. a branch
circuit is dedicated to the fire alarm system
and its constituents.
 System Components:Secondary Power
Supply
• Backup power supply
• to supply energy in the event of a primary
power failure.
• sealed, lead-acid storage batteries
• other emergency sources including
generators
 System Components:Initiating Devices

• acts as input to the

fire alarm control unit
1. Manually activated
– Manual pull station
 System Components:Initiating Devices

2. automatically activated
• Smoke detector for products of
combustion
• Flame detector for radiant energy
• Carbon monoxide detector for
combustion gasses
• Water-flow detector for release of
extinguishing agents
• Cameras and PC based
softwares.
 System Components:Notification Appliances

• to inform the proximate

persons of the need to take
action, usually to evacuate
• uses energy supplied from the
fire alarm system
• Audible, visible, tactile, textual
or even olfactory stimuli
(odorizer)
 System Components: Building Safety
Interfaces

• to control the spread of smoke fumes and fire

• to prepare the building for fire
• Examples:
• Magnetic Smoke Door Holders
-magnetically secures spring-loaded self-closing smoke tight
doors in the open position.
• Duct Mounted Smoke Detection
-are intended to stop air movement, close dampers and
generally prevent the recirculation of toxic smoke and fumes
produced by fire
Sample Fire Alarm System Design
 Design Considerations: Zone Requirements

• Only one zone is required if

the total floor area is not
greater than 300m².
• The total area of a zone
must not exceed 2000m²
• A person searching a zone
for a fire should not have to
travel more than 60m to
identify the source of a fire.
• A person should not have
to travel more than 45m to
reach a manual call point.
 Design Considerations: Alarm Sounders

• A minimum sound level of 65dBA is required at any

point in an occupied building
• If the alarm systems is to used in buildings such as
hotels, a minimum sound level 75dBA at the bed
head is required in order to wake a sleeping person.
 Design Considerations: Alarm Sounders

• Audible warning devices should have a

similar sound and distinct from alarms
used for other purposes
• The use of a greater number of quieter
sounders, should be considered.
 Design Considerations: Smoke Detectors

• Optical smoke detectors are designed to rapidly

detect visible and invisible smoke particles, in
the range of 0.2µm to 60µm
• Smoke detection devices have an individual
coverage of 7.5m radius. However, these radii
must overlap to ensure there are no 'blind spots'
 Design Considerations: Heat Detectors

• Fixed temperature heat detectors are suitable in areas

where sudden changes in the ambient
temperatures are common e.g. boiler rooms, drying
rooms, kitchens
• Rate of rise detectors are designed to incorporate a
fixed upper temperature limit if the rate of
temperature increase has been too slow to trigger the
detector earlier. These detectors are suitable where
the ambient temperature is stable.
 Design Considerations: Heat Detectors

• Heat detection devices have an individual

coverage of 5.3m radius. However these radii
must overlap to ensure there are no 'blind spots'.
 Design Considerations: Heat Detectors

• Do not site detectors less than 1m from air

inlets or air conditioning units.
 Access Control System
• Process by which an authority is identified and
granted privileges to information, system, or
resources.
• Primary Objective: to preserve and protect
the CONFIDENTIALITY, INTEGRITY, and
AVAILABILITY of resources.
 Access Control System
• In BMS, this enables companies to manage
and monitor all access points and locks,
allowing auditable security and quick
responses to any security breaches
• Reputable access control systems all provide
AUTHENTICATION, AUTHORIZATION, and
ADMINISTRATION.
 Application: Parking Lot Access
Control

• Automated Pre-Paid Parking Lot Systems

 Parking Lot Access Control

• Parking Garage Access Control POS Station

 Parking Lot Access Control

• RFID Parking and Vehicle Area Access and Control

 Security Access Control Door
Monitoring

• Biometric identification and controlled entry

 Security Access Control Door
Monitoring

• Security door control and entry logging

Access Control Technologies
BIOMETRIC DEVICES
• authenticate users to access
control systems through some
sort of personal identifier such
as a fingerprint, voiceprint, iris
scan, retina scan, facial scan,
or signature dynamics.
Access Control Technologies

SMART CARDS
• plastic cards that have
integrated circuits or storage
receptacles embedded in them.
• PASSIVE Cards with memory
receptacles that simply store
information
• ACTIVE Cards can execute
transactions
Access Control Technologies

TOKEN
• handheld device that has a built-
in challenge response scheme
that authenticates with an
enterprise server
 Access Control Technologies
PASSWORDS
• used for access control more than any
other type of solution because they are
easy to implement and are extremely
versatile
Building Management Systems (BMS)
Building Management Systems (BMS)
Paging System
 What is a paging system?
• Public address
system
• Overhead voice
paging system
• Used to make
public
announcement
 History of Paging systems
• Denmark,1903 –
Peter Jensen,
Valdemar Poulsen
– Moving coil principle
for sound
reproduction
– Dynamic Speaker –
11000 gauss of gap
flux
– The speaker was first
placed on the roof
 History of Paging systems
• 1916-1920
– Jensen’s patent for the Sound Magnifying
Phonograph
– Built valve amplifiers
– 3-stage system with a 25-watt output power.
• 1922 – Energized moving coil
– Marconi Company
– Tannoy
 Features of a Paging system
• Emergency overhead paging
• Background music
• Zonal messaging
• All-call
• Alarm
 Facilities
• Paging Station
– operator
• Parking lot, open spaces
– High-power speaker, Horn
• Lobby, office, commercial spaces
– Ceiling-mounted speakers
 System Parts
• Power Supply
– 24 VDC or 70 VDC
– Backup battery power
 System Parts
• Mixer/Amplifier
– Centrally-amplified
system
– Separate amp for
larger systems and
louder speakers that
need more power.
 System Parts
• Paging system interface
– Switches
– Input sources (i.e.
Microphone , Music
Player)
 System Parts
• Input Sources
– Paging Messages
• Via operator
• Microphone
 System Parts
• Input Sources
– Background Music
• Restaurants
• Lounges
 System Parts
• Input Sources
– Alert/Alarm
• Tone
– wail,hi-lo,whoop horn
• Voice
– Recorded emergency
evac procedures
• Should override all
other inputs
 System Parts
• Speaker/Horns
– Positioning
• Ceiling-mounted, wall-
mounted, hanging
– Output Power
• E.g. 12w, 8w, 4w
 System Parts
• Speaker/Horns
– Nominal
Coverage Angle
Sample Design
 Wiring/Cabling
• Proper Impedance
– Speakers and Amp should match
• Parallel wiring
– Almost unlimited number of paging units
– Protection from short-circuit damage
• Coaxial Cables, UTP Cat5e cables
 Factors to consider
• Size of the area to be covered
• Acoustic properties of the area
• Amount of paging units needed
• Input sources
• Areas that need weatherproof and explosion-
proof equipment
• Ambient noise level
Questions? Clarifications?
Thank you!
 References
• Access control 101. (2003, November 10) Retrieved 21:51, July 5, 2009,
from http://www.intranetjournal.com/articles/200311/ij_11_10_03a.html
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http://www.dtsi.com.ph/buildingelectronic_accesscontrol.html
• Altec Lansing – Professional Audio, from www.altecpro.com
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Retrieved 07:29, June 18, 2009, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Building_automation&oldid=297115889
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Encyclopedia. Retrieved 13:15, July 6, 2009, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Building_Management_System&oldid=300590750
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http://cim.pennnet.com/display_article/235364/27/ARTCL/none/none/1/
Choosing-the-right-paging-and-alert-system
 References
• HVAC control system. (2009, May 19). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:59,
May 19, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=HVAC_control_system&oldid=290989891
• IEEE History Center: Electric Fire Alarm System, 1852. Retrieved: 5:35 pm June 13, 2009 from:
http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/fire_alarm.html
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http://www.orbik.co.uk/Fire_installationdesignguide.htm
• Meyer, Lia. AN INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL ADDRESSABLE LIGHTING INTERFACE (DALI)
SYSTEMS & STUDY OF A DALI DAYLIGHTING APPLICATION. B.S., Kansas State University, 2007.
• Miller, Richard. A SPECIFIER’S VIEW OF DALI.
• Motors: Elevators in Upper Peninsula Power Company. Retrieved 6:28 pm, July 13, 2009 from
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from: http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2008/ra_9514_2008.html