PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
SOCIAL ISSUES AND
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
MODULE 5: FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
By: MS. RACHELLE N. NOBLE, MIT
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
Objectives
• What is the basis for the protection of freedom of expression
in the United States, and what types of expression are not
protected under the law?
• What are some of the key federal laws that affect online
freedom of expression, and how do they impact
organizations?
• What important freedom of expression issues relate to the use
of information technology?
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS
Right to freedom of expression Definition of free speech includes:
– Important right for free people
everywhere – Nonverbal, visual, and symbolic
– the right to express information, forms of expression
ideas, and opinions free of – Right to speak anonymously
government restrictions based
on content and subject only to
reasonable limitations.
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS
Perjury Incitement of panic
Fraud Incitement to crime
Defamation “Fighting words”
Obscene speech Sedition
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS
Perjury
the crime of telling a lie in
court after promising formally
to tell the truth
Fraud
a broad legal term referring to
dishonest acts that intentionally
use deception to illegally deprive
another person or entity of money,
property, or legal rights.
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS
Defamation
Oral or written statement of
alleged fact that is false and
harms another person.
Obscene
includes pornography, but may also
include nude dancing, sexually
oriented commercial telephone
messages, and scatological comedy
routines.
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS
Incitement of panic
situations in which a reasonable
person would know that it was
very likely that his or her speech
would really cause harm to others.
Incitement to crime
the advocacy of crime,
malicious damage or injury to
property, or violence.
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS
Fighting words
those which by their very
utterance inflict injury or tend
to incite an immediate breach
of the peace.
Sedition
crime against the state.
any action, especially in speech
or writing, promoting such
discontent or rebellion.
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: KEY ISSUES
Controlling access to
Anonymity on the Internet
information on the Internet
Defamation and
Corporate blogging
hate speech
Pornography
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
Controlling access to information on the Internet
Freedom of speech on the Internet is complicated by ease by which
children can access Internet
INTERNET FILTERING
Blocks access to certain Web sites deemed to
contain inappropriate or offensive material
URL FILTERING
Blocks objectionable URLs or domain names
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
Controlling access to information on the Internet
Keyword filtering
Blocks keywords or phrases
Dynamic content filtering
Web site’s content is evaluated immediately
before being displayed
Internet Censorship
The control or suppression of the publishing or
accessing of information on the internet
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
Anonymity on the Internet
Anonymous expression is expression of opinions by people who do not
reveal their identity
Freedom to express an opinion without fear of reprisal is an important
right in democratic society
Anonymity is even more important in countries that do not allow free
speech
In the wrong hands, it can be a tool to commit illegal or unethical
activities
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
Anonymity on the Internet
Computer program that
strips the originating Ensures no header
address from the email information can
message identify the author
Anonymous
remailer service
Keeps what is
Forwards the message to communicated
the intended recipient anonymous
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
Defamation and Hate Speech
Hate speech that can be prosecuted includes:
– Clear threats and intimidation against specific citizens
– Sending threatening private messages over the Internet to a person
–Displaying public messages on a Web site describing intent to commit acts
of hate-motivated violence against specific individuals
– Libel directed at a particular person
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
Corporate Blogging
Some organizations allow Blogs could also involve risk that
employees to create their own employees might Reveal
personal blogs to reach out to company secrets and Breach
partners, customers, and federal security disclosure laws.
employees and Improve their
corporate image
Blogs can provide uncensored
commentary and interaction
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
Pornography
Establishing a computer usage
Taking action against those
policy that prohibits access to
users
pornography sites
Failure to take action against
Identifying those who violate
pornography could result in
the policy
sexual harassment lawsuit
PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
END OF MODULE 5
