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CH 1 SCC

This document discusses self-compacting concrete (SCC), which was developed in Japan in 1988. SCC flows and fills formwork under its own weight without vibration, achieving full compaction. It has characteristics like rapid placement, fast construction, and improved health and safety. Fresh SCC is tested for properties like slump flow, filling ability, viscosity, and passing ability. SCC uses high amounts of powder like fly ash or slag along with superplasticizers to increase flowability while maintaining strength and durability similar to normal vibrated concrete.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
83 views51 pages

CH 1 SCC

This document discusses self-compacting concrete (SCC), which was developed in Japan in 1988. SCC flows and fills formwork under its own weight without vibration, achieving full compaction. It has characteristics like rapid placement, fast construction, and improved health and safety. Fresh SCC is tested for properties like slump flow, filling ability, viscosity, and passing ability. SCC uses high amounts of powder like fly ash or slag along with superplasticizers to increase flowability while maintaining strength and durability similar to normal vibrated concrete.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Self Compacted Concrete

(SCC)
Introduction
Self-compacting concrete was first developed in 1988 in Japan
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) = concrete that does not require
vibration for placing and compaction
Flow under own weight, completely fill formwork and achieving full
compaction, even with congested reinforcement.
Hardened concrete is dense, homogeneous and has the same
engineering properties and durability as normal vibrated concrete.
Segregation resistance
Introduction
Characteristics
Rapid rate of concrete placement
Fast construction
Ease of flow around congested reinforcement
High level of homogeneity
Minimal voids and uniform concrete strength
High level of finish and durability
Introduction
Improves the environment  No vibrating equipment
Reduce exposure of workers to noise and vibration
Improved construction practice and performance
Health and safety benefits
Used for precast concrete and civil engineering construction
Introduction
Fresh SCC Properties
Filling ability
Ability to flow and fill all space in formwork under own weight

Flow
Ease of flow of fresh concrete without formwork or steel
reinforcement
Fresh SCC Properties
Robust
Capacity of concrete to retain fresh properties when small
variations in materials occur

Viscosity
Resistance to flow once flow started
Related to (T500 -- Slump-flow test or time in V-funnel test)
Fresh SCC Properties
Fresh SCC Tests
Slump-flow and T500
V-Funnel Flow Time
L-box
Fresh SCC Properties
Slump-flow and T500
Slump flow measure Flow rate of SCC without obstructions
Based on the slump test  indication of the filling ability of SCC
The T500 time measure Viscosity of SCC
Fresh SCC Properties
Slump-flow and T500
The fresh concrete is poured into cone of slump test.
The cone withdraw upwards, the time is recorded until concrete flow to
500 mm diameter  T500 time ( < 5 sec)
Largest diameter of flow and diameter at right angle measured 
 Mean = slump-flow ( > 550 mm)
SF1 (550 – 650)  Plain or light reinforced (house slab, tunnel lining)
SF2 (660 -- 750)  Normal applications (walls, columns, beams)
SF3 (760 -- 850)  Heavy (Congested) reinforcement
Fresh SCC Properties
Fresh SCC Properties
V-Funnel Flow Time test
Measure Viscosity and filling ability of SCC

V shaped funnel is filled with fresh concrete


Measure the time for concrete to flow out of the
funnel = V-funnel flow time
Fresh SCC Properties
V-Funnel Flow Time test
Clean the funnel and gate, dampen all inside the funnel surface
Close the gate and pour SCC into the funnel
Level top of funnel with straight edge
Place container under the gate
After 10 sec, open the gate and measure the time
tv = V-Funnel flow time (6 – 12 sec)
Fresh SCC Properties
L-box test
Measure passing ability of SCC to flow through tight openings such
as spaces between reinforcing bars and other obstructions without
segregation or blocking
Two variations
Two bar test
Three bar test  simulates congested reinforcement
Fresh SCC Properties
Fresh SCC Properties
L-box test
Support the L-box on level horizontal base
Close the gate
Pour concrete into the L-box and allow to stand for (60 ± 10) s.
Open the gate  concrete flow into the horizontal section
When concrete movement ceased
measure H2 and H1
PA ratio H2/H1 ≥ 0.8
Constituent Materials
SCC  High Powder < No 100 sieve (0.15 mm)
Use of Mineral Admixtures as Powder
(Silica fume, fly ash and Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)
Constituent Materials
Fly ash (15% to 40%)
Fly ash is effective for SCC to increase cohesion
High level of fly ash may produce very cohesive paste  Reduce flow
Constituent Materials
Silica fume SF (5 – 15%)
High fineness and spherical shape
Improve cohesion without segregation
Increase strength
Reduce bleeding
High level of SF may cause
surface crusting (Stiff surface)
cold joints  breaks in casting
Difficulty in finishing top surface
Constituent Materials
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) 30% – 60%
GGBFS provide reactive fines with low heat of hydration
High amount of GGBFS may cause
Slow setting
Increase risk of segregation
Constituent Materials
Aggregates
Normal-weight aggregates and Lightweight aggregates can be used
Washed aggregate normally give more consistent concrete

Coarse aggregate
Coarse aggregates conforming to ASTM are used for SCC.
Lightweight aggregate may migrate to the surface if paste viscosity is low and
may cause segregation
Dmax usually 12 – 20 mm depending on the reinforcement spacing
Rounded aggregate  No blocking and more flow  reduce friction
Angular aggregate  May cause blocking and less flow
Constituent Materials
Fine Aggregate / Sands
The influence of fine aggregates on fresh properties of SCC is greater
than that of coarse aggregate.
Particles less than 0.125 mm include the fines content of the paste
High paste in SCC reduce the friction between CA
Constituent Materials
Admixtures
Superplasticisers or high range water reducer is essential in SCC
Viscosity modifying admixtures (VMA) reduce segregation
Other admixtures
Air entrained, Accelerating and Retarding
may be used in the same way as in NC.
Constituent Materials
Superplasticiser / High range water reducer admixture
Cause water reduction and fluid
Maintain dispersing effect during time required for transport
The required consistence retention depend on the application
Precast concrete require shorter retention time than concrete that has
to be transported to and placed on site.
Constituent Materials
Viscosity modifying admixtures (VMA)
Modify cohesion of SCC without change fluid
Minimize effect of small variations in aggregate
 (proportion, moisture content, fines content or grain size distribution)
Make SCC more robust and less sensitive to small variation in
proportions and condition of aggregate
Constituent Materials
Air entrained admixtures
Improve freeze-thaw durability
Improve the finishing of flat slabs
Air entrained useful for Low powder content
 Lower strength of SCC.
Constituent Materials
Fibers
Both metallic and polymer fibers may be used in SCC
May reduce flow and passing ability
Trials for  optimum type, length and quantity.

Polymer fibers improve stability of SCC


Reduce plastic shrinkage cracking
Constituent Materials
Fibers
Steel fibers increase ductility & toughness of concrete
Length and quantity depends on
(1) Dmax (2) structural requirements

Using SCC with fibers in structures with reinforcement


increases the risk of blocking
Engineering Properties
Compressive strength
Tensile strength
Modulus of elasticity
Creep
Shrinkage
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Bond to reinforcement
Shear force capacity in cold joints
Fire resistance
Compressive & Tensile strength
Compressive strength  higher (10% – 15%)

No vibration  improved interface between aggregate and hardened


cement paste  Less cracks in TZ

Strength development  similar with NC

Tensile strength  same


Elastic Modulus
Concrete contains 75% aggregate
Aggregate influence E of concrete
Aggregate with high E increase the E of concrete
Increasing the paste volume decrease the E of concrete
SCC has higher paste than NC
E of SCC is lower than the E of NC
Creep
Creep = increase in deformation (strain) with time under constant load
Creep happen in cement paste and influenced by water, porosity
Hydration   Porosity of cement paste  creep 
Strength   Creep 
Cement that hydrate fast have higher early strength at loading
 Lower stress/strength ratio and lower creep
Aggregate restrain creep of cement paste
Higher aggregate and higher E of aggregate  Lower creep
Shrinkage
Shrinkage = Plastic shrinkage + Drying Shrinkage
Plastic shrinkage  setting  hydration of cement
Drying shrinkage  evaporation of water from concrete after set
Drying shrinkage is slow and stress induced are partially balanced
by tension creep relief
Shrinkage
Aggregate restrain shrinkage of cement paste
Higher aggregate content and higher E of aggregate
 lower drying shrinkage
Decrease in Dmax result in higher paste volume
 increases the drying shrinkage.
Low w/c  Higher strength  drying shrinkage reduced
Thermal Expansion
Coefficient of thermal expansion () of concrete = strain produced in
concrete with change in temperature  concrete not restrained
internally (by reinforcing bars) or externally
The  of concrete depend on concrete composition, age and
moisture content.
Bulk of concrete is aggregate  using aggregate with lower 
reduce  of the concrete
Reducing   reducing crack control of concrete reinforcement.
Range of  is 10 -- 16  strains/K, same as for NC
Bond to Reinforcement

Reinforced concrete based on effective bond between concrete and


reinforcing steel
The concrete bond strength should be sufficient to prevent bond failure.
The effectiveness of bond is affected by position of the embedded bars
and the quality of concrete.
Concrete cover necessary to transfer bond stress between steel and
concrete.
The SCC fluidity and cohesion minimize bond problems
SCC give Higher Bond
Shear Force in Cold Joints

Surface of hardened SCC is smooth


Shear force capacity between first and second layer is lower than
NVC and may be insufficient to carry shear force
Surface treatment should be done such as
Surface retarders
Brushing
surface roughening
Fire Resistance

When Concrete exposed to Fire up to 900 C


Water inside concrete change into steam and evaporate

High Permeability  Large pores  steam go easy


Low Permeability  Small pores  steam go Hard

High strength concrete  Low pores, Low permeability


Spalling  Severe cracking
Fire Resistance

SCC more prone to spalling under fire NC


Severity depend on aggregate type, concrete quality and moisture
content

SCC achieve requirement for high strength, low permeability NC


Perform similar to normal high strength concrete under fire

Use polymer fibers in concrete improve resistance to spalling


Fibers melt and provide escape for steam  reducing spalling
Durability
The durability of concrete structure is related to permeability of concrete
Limit ingress of substance that initiate deleterious actions
(CO2, Chloride, Sulphate, Water, Oxygen, Alkalis, Acids, etc.)

In practice, durability depends on


Compaction
Curing
Durability
Lack of compaction, due to difficulty in narrow spaces between
formwork and between reinforcement bars cause poor durability
Compaction of NC is discontinuous process
Internal vibration  No same compaction energy to all concrete

External vibration  compaction is heterogeneous, depending on


distance between vibration sources
Durability
Vibration  uneven compaction with different permeability, which
enhance ingress of aggressive substances
Consequence of incorrect vibration (honeycombing, segregation,
bleeding, etc.) have stronger negative effect on permeability and
durability.
SCC is free from those shortcoming and result in concrete with low and
uniform permeability, offering less weak points for deleterious actions of
the environment  better durability.
Overall SCC had better durability than NVC depend on the selection of
materials and effective w/c ratio.
Placing and Finishing
SCC is designed to have very high flow with cohesion that ensure
aggregate uniformly suspended without segregation
During placing Check
 No segregation
 Concrete flow round and fully enclose reinforcing steel
 No void pockets
 No leakage
Placing and Finishing
Horizontal surface (slab or floor)  check for laitance
Laitance = very fine particles (cement, dust, sand) with water arise
to surface  Weak layer at surface with high w/c

Laitance
Placing and Finishing
Before placing SCC 
 Check reinforcement and formwork
 Formwork free of water or debris
Release speed of SCC into formwork according to
 steel reinforcement, concrete consistency and potential for air entrap
Fast vertical casting rate may not allow air to rise to the surface and
escape, causing increased air voids trapped in concrete and blowholes
on the surface.
Casting  continuous without interruption  maintain flow and reduce
surface marks and color variation
Placing and Finishing
SCC with slow rate of flow (high T500 or V-funnel time) may show
tendency to thixotropy
 Stiff at rest Flow with stirring
Thixotropy may avoided by keeping concrete agitated on route to site
before placing.
 Placing should be without interruptions
 keep casting front moving at all times
Once placing finished, thixotropy can advantage
 Stop leakage at joints and formwork
Placing and Finishing
Free fall of concrete during placing cause
 Segregation and increase entrapped air
Pumping = most common method of placing SCC
New pump should be primed (prepare) with cement mortar
The first part of SCC (100 – 150 litres) should run through the pump
and recycled back into the truck
This lubricate the pump lines, while residual coarse aggregate is
remixed into the bulk of the SCC
Placing and Finishing
Self-compacting concrete is well suited to pumping through a valve
from bottom of formwork provided good segregation resistance

This method give smooth and clean concrete surface and used for:
Casting walls, columns, tunnel linings, strengthening existing concrete
Placing and Finishing
Pumping from bottom of formwork through a valve give best surface
finish for any vertical element
It take less air into concrete and allow faster casting rate than pumping
from top
The hopper and pump line must be kept completely full of concrete to
ensure no air trapped at bottom.
Restarting after stop lead to increase pressure on formwork
Placing and Finishing
After pumping from bottom, the valve closed and locked. Excess
concrete removed after removing the formwork but special equipment
needed to get smooth surface
Placing and Finishing
Pumping from top
Casting start at lowest part of the form, and at place where the
pumping hose can be located near the bottom of the form.
When depth built up, the hose submerged into the concrete.
End of pump hose maintained below concrete surface, so air never
allowed into hose

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