SUBGROUP

Marty John Pinuela

GRO
Master of Arts in Education UP
Mathematics
TABLE 01
DEFINITION AND
PROPERTIES
Defined subgroups and determined its properties

OF 02 ORDER OF ELEMENT
Determined the order of the element of the group

CONTEN 03 LATTICE DIAGRAMS

TS
Showed the lattice diagrams of the subgroups of the
group
01
DEFINITION
AND
PROPERTIES
Definition of Subgroup

 
If a subset of a group is closed under the binary
operation of and if with the induced operation
from itself is a group, then is a subgroup of .
Different Types of Subgroups

Improper Subgroup Proper Subgroup Trivial Subgroup

If G is a group,
 
A group G is a The subgroup
then the subgroup H which contain
subgroup which has a the identity
consisting of G proper subset of element.
itself. G (that is, ) Otherwise, it is
nontrivial.
Properties of Subgroup

 
 
is closed  

is a subset under binary

is a group
of operation of itself
 Example:

Group:  

As we got to the definition of a subgroup

that if a subset of a group is closed under the
binary operation of and if with the induced
operation from itself is a group, then is a
 
subgroup of ” is a subgroup of while is not a
subgroup of for it has greater number of
elements than the group for it violates the first
property which is “ is a subset of ”.
02
ORDER OF THE
ELEMENT OF
THE GROUP
ORDER OF THE ELEMENT OF THE
GROUP

Order of the Group Order of the Element

  The order of an  element g in a
The number of elements group G is raised to the exponent
of a group (finite or (where is the smallest positive
infinite) is called its integer) which is equal to an
order. We denote the identity element such that ( in
order of G by . additive notation).
If no such integers exists, we say is
denoted by
 Example:

𝑈 ( 18 ) 

these are numbers

less than 18 and ,
relatively prime to Since under multiplication, 𝑒=1,
18 under so .
multiplication
 
modulo 18. Also,

,
hence /5/ = 6, since e = 1.
 Example:

|ℤ 12|=12 .  

is a group under addition modulo

12."Here the identity is 0.

So .
03
LATTICE
DIAGRAMS
LATTICE (SUBGROUP) DIAGRAMS

It is a graphical representation of the

relation of elements of a partially
ordered set with an implied upward
orientation.
 Example:
 
Show the subgroup diagram of
 
First we have to list all the elements of the subgroups of .
(Remember always the properties in determining the subgroups )

After listing all the elements of each subgroup, we can now construct our diagram
(Remember that our diagram must be hierarchical, subgroup with many elements must be on top)
 Example:
 
Show the subgroup diagram of

 
¿
 
⟨ 𝟐⟩  
⟨𝟑 ⟩
 
⟨ 𝟔⟩  
⟨ 𝟗⟩
 
⟨ 𝟎⟩
Activity Time!
Assessment
I. True or False
 
Determine whether the following statements are true of false. Write SG if it is
true, otherwise write NG.

1. Whole numbers are subgroup of integers.

2. Integers has two subgroups only, whole numbers and counting numbers.

3. Alternating group is a subgroup of symmetric group.

4. Dihedral group is a subgroup of alternating group.

5. is a subgroup of 〈,+〉.
II. Constructing Lattice Diagram
 
Determine the subgroups, order of the element, and generators of the following
group below. Illustrate the lattice diagram of each group.

1.
 
2.
 
3.
Answers
I. True or False
 
Determine whether the following statements are true of false. Write SG if it is
true, otherwise write NG.

1. Whole numbers are subgroup of integers. SG

2. Integers has two subgroups only, whole numbers and counting numbers.
NG

3. Alternating group is a subgroup of symmetric group. SG

4. Dihedral group is a subgroup of alternating group. NG

5. is a subgroup of 〈,+〉. NG
 II. Constructing Lattice Diagram
 
Show the lattice diagram of .

 
First we have to list all the subgroups of
(Remember the properties in determining the subgroups)

After listing all the subgroups, we can now construct the lattice diagram.
 II. Constructing Lattice Diagram
 
Lattice Diagram of

⟨ 𝟎,𝟏,𝟐,𝟑 ⟩
 

⟨ 𝟎,𝟐 ⟩
 

 
⟨ 𝟎⟩
 II. Constructing Lattice Diagram
 
Show the lattice diagram of Sym

 
First we have to list all the elements of .
(Remember that symmetric group is a set of all permutations)

After listing all the elements, we will find all the subgroups.
(Remember the properties of subgroup)
 II. Constructing Lattice Diagram
 
Cont. of Lattice Diagram of

 
Below are the subgroup of
 II. Constructing Lattice Diagram
 
Cont. of Lattice Diagram of

 
𝑯𝟑
 
𝑯𝟔  
𝑯𝟓
 
𝑯𝟐  
𝑯𝟒

 
𝑯𝟏
 II. Constructing Lattice Diagram
 
Show the lattice diagram of

 
First we have to list all the elements of .
(Remember that alternating group is a set of all even permutations)

After listing all the elements, we will find all the subgroups.
(Remember the properties of subgroup)
 II. Constructing Lattice Diagram
 
Cont. of Lattice Diagram of

 
Below are the subgroup of
 II. Constructing Lattice Diagram
 
Cont. of Lattice Diagram of
 𝑯𝟔

𝑯𝟓
  𝑯 𝟏𝟎
 
𝑯𝟗
 
𝑯𝟒
  𝑯𝟖
 
𝑯𝟕
 

𝑯𝟑
 

𝑯𝟐
 

𝑯𝟏
 
Assignment

 
A. Determine the subgroups of the following groups below and construct their lattice
diagrams. Your answer must be type written on long size bond paper.

1.

2.

B. Research and take down notes about homomorphism and isomorphism which will be
discussed next meeting.
Assignment