Class 1: Reinforced Concrete Structure
Class 1: Reinforced Concrete Structure
Class 1: Reinforced Concrete Structure
Abrasion Value
Compressive Strength
Characteristic Strength:
■ The characteristic
strength is defined as
the strength of the
concrete below which
not more than 5% of
the test results are
expected to fall.
Effect of Creep on Concrete
Increased Deflection
W/C is High
Aggregate is low
Air Entrainment
High
Relative Humidity
Low
Temperature id
High
Creep Co-efficient
■ Creep Co-efficient = Creep Strain/Initial Elastic strain
■ Maximum of creep co-efficient is called ultimate creep co-efficient (.
■ Effective modulus of elasticity
Age
7 days 2.2
28 days 1.6
1 Year 1.1
Shrinkage of Concrete
Tensile Strength of Concrete/ Modulus of
Rupture
Types of Design Approaches
Limitations:
1) Concrete is not elastic
2) End up with large member sections
3) Probability of occurrence of load is not considered
4) Long term effect of creep, shrinkage etc. are not considered.
5) Concept of modular ratio is not very perfect
Ultimate Stress Method of Design:
1) Non linear Stress Strain Behaviour is considered-Plastic Method of Design
2) Ultimate stress of material is considered under design load
3) Concept of Modular Ration is not used
4) Probability of occurrence of load is considered.
Limitations:
1) Though non linear stress strain behaviour is considered, during calculation linear nature
of stress strain behaviour is considered. Which is not rational.
2) End up with very slender member sections
3) Serviceability is not considered.
Limit State Method of Design:
1) Combination of WSM and USM
2) Non linear Stress Strain Behaviour is considered-Plastic Method of Design
3) Concept of Modular Ration is not used
4) Probability of occurrence of load is considered.
5) Partial Safety Factors are considered for both material and load.
6) Two Limit States are considered- Limit State of Collapse and Limit State of
Serviceability.
Limitations:
1) Though non linear stress strain behaviour is considered, during calculation linear nature
of stress strain behaviour is considered. Which is not rational.
Probabilistic Method of Design
1. Probability of occurrence of load is considered.
2. Result of which we get the partial safety factors
Load Combinations (Collapse)
Sl No. DL LL WL/EL Combination
1 1.5 1.5 0 1.5 DL+ 1.5 LL/WL
2 1.5 1.5 1.5 DL+ 1.5 EL/WL
3 0.9 1.5 0.9DL+1.5 EL/WL
4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 DL +1.2 EL+ 1.2 WL