Class 1: Reinforced Concrete Structure

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CLASS 1

Reinforced Concrete Structure


Concrete:
■ Cement
■ Sand/ Fine
Aggregate
■ Coarse
Aggregate
Concrete is a composite material
A composite is a material
made from two or more
different materials that,
when combined, are
stronger than those
individual materials by
themselves.
Concrete:
Tests For Cement: (IS 4031, IS 4032)
■ Fineness Test.
■ Consistency Test.
■ Setting Time Test.
■ Strength Test.
■ Soundness Test.
■ Heat of Hydration Test.
■ Tensile Strength Test.
■ Chemical Composition Test.
Tests for Aggregate: (IS 2386)
Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate

Specific Gravity Specific Gravity

Sieve Analysis (Zone) Sieve Analysis

Fineness Modulus Elongation and Flakiness Index

Presence Organic and Deleterious Toughness strength


Material

Abrasion Value

Compressive Strength
Characteristic Strength:
■ The characteristic
strength is defined as
the strength of the
concrete below which
not more than 5% of
the test results are
expected to fall.
Effect of Creep on Concrete
Increased Deflection

Possible Buckling of slender member

Gradual Transfer of load from concrete to


Reinforcement Bar

Loss of prestress in pre-stressed concrete


Cause of Creep in Concrete Cement Content is
high

W/C is High

Aggregate is low

Air Entrainment
High

Relative Humidity
Low

Temperature id
High
Creep Co-efficient
■  Creep Co-efficient = Creep Strain/Initial Elastic strain
■ Maximum of creep co-efficient is called ultimate creep co-efficient (.
■ Effective modulus of elasticity

(IS 456:2000, Cl:C-4, Pg: 89 )


■ Where is short term elastic modulus which can be calculated as
(IS 456:2000, Cl:6.2.3.1, Pg: 16 )
■ Ultimate Creep Co-efficient values
(IS 456:2000, Cl:6.2.5.1, Pg: 16 )

Age
7 days 2.2
28 days 1.6
1 Year 1.1
Shrinkage of Concrete
Tensile Strength of Concrete/ Modulus of
Rupture
Types of Design Approaches

■ Working Strength Design


■ Ultimate Strength Design
■ Limit State Design
Working Strength Design:
 1) Linear Stress Strain Behaviour is considered-Elastic Method of Design
2) Stress Based Design (Permissible Stress is considered under working load)
3) Concept of Modular Ration is used ()
4) Very Easy Method of Design

Limitations:
1) Concrete is not elastic
2) End up with large member sections
3) Probability of occurrence of load is not considered
4) Long term effect of creep, shrinkage etc. are not considered.
5) Concept of modular ratio is not very perfect
Ultimate Stress Method of Design:
1) Non linear Stress Strain Behaviour is considered-Plastic Method of Design
2) Ultimate stress of material is considered under design load
3) Concept of Modular Ration is not used
4) Probability of occurrence of load is considered.

Limitations:
1) Though non linear stress strain behaviour is considered, during calculation linear nature
of stress strain behaviour is considered. Which is not rational.
2) End up with very slender member sections
3) Serviceability is not considered.
Limit State Method of Design:
1) Combination of WSM and USM
2) Non linear Stress Strain Behaviour is considered-Plastic Method of Design
3) Concept of Modular Ration is not used
4) Probability of occurrence of load is considered.
5) Partial Safety Factors are considered for both material and load.
6) Two Limit States are considered- Limit State of Collapse and Limit State of
Serviceability.

Limitations:
1) Though non linear stress strain behaviour is considered, during calculation linear nature
of stress strain behaviour is considered. Which is not rational.
Probabilistic Method of Design
1. Probability of occurrence of load is considered.
2. Result of which we get the partial safety factors
Load Combinations (Collapse)
Sl No. DL LL WL/EL Combination
1 1.5 1.5 0 1.5 DL+ 1.5 LL/WL
2 1.5 1.5 1.5 DL+ 1.5 EL/WL
3 0.9 1.5 0.9DL+1.5 EL/WL
4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 DL +1.2 EL+ 1.2 WL

Load Combinations (Serviceability)


Sl No. DL LL WL/EL Combination
1 1.0 1.0 0 1.5 DL+ 1.5 LL/WL
2 1.0 1.0 1.5 DL+ 1.5 EL/WL
3 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.2 DL +1.2 EL+ 1.2 WL

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