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    Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

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    Pradip Chougale
    An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, and bicarbonate levels in blood to assess a person's acid-base balance. Key components include pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3, O2 saturation, and base excess. Conditions like respiratory acidosis or alkalosis affect pH and gas levels based on lung or kidney function. The body aims to maintain balance through bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffering and respiratory or renal compensation for metabolic disturbances. Interpreting an ABG involves considering pH, gases and bicarbonate to determine the underlying acid-base disorder and degree of compensation.

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    Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Pradip Chougale
    16 views32 pages
    An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, and bicarbonate levels in blood to assess a person's acid-base balance. Key components include pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3, O2 saturation, and base excess. Conditions like respiratory acidosis or alkalosis affect pH and gas levels based on lung or kidney function. The body aims to maintain balance through bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffering and respiratory or renal compensation for metabolic disturbances. Interpreting an ABG involves considering pH, gases and bicarbonate to determine the underlying acid-base disorder and degree of compensation.

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    ABG analysis

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    abg-presentationppt1136

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    An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, and bicarbonate levels in blood to assess a person's acid-base balance. Key components include pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3, O2 saturation, and base excess. Conditions like respiratory acidosis or alkalosis affect pH and gas levels based on lung or kidney function. The body aims to maintain balance through bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffering and respiratory or renal compensation for metabolic disturbances. Interpreting an ABG involves considering pH, gases and bicarbonate to determine the underlying acid-base disorder and degree of compensation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views32 pages

    Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Pradip Chougale
    An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, and bicarbonate levels in blood to assess a person's acid-base balance. Key components include pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3, O2 saturation, and base excess. Conditions like respiratory acidosis or alkalosis affect pH and gas levels based on lung or kidney function. The body aims to maintain balance through bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffering and respiratory or renal compensation for metabolic disturbances. Interpreting an ABG involves considering pH, gases and bicarbonate to determine the underlying acid-base disorder and degree of compensation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Arterial Blood

    Gas
    Analysis
    COMMON
    TERMINOLOGIES
     ACIDS: Acid is a substance which when dissolved
    in water undergoes or splits into a hydrogen ion and
    anion.

    BASES: Base is a substance which undergoes


    dissociation in water to give a hydroxyl ion and a
    cation.

    SALTS: Salt is a substance which when dissolved in


    water dissociate to release a cation and anion neither
    of which is a hydrogen ion nor a hydroxyl ion.
    PH
    PH is the hydrogen ion concentration in
    any solution.
    1___________7___________14
    Acid Base

    Normal Blood PH- 7.35 – 7.45 mEq/L


    BUFFER
    Buffer is a substance which is capable of
    converting strong acid into weak acid and
    strong base into weak base & does not
    undergo rapid ionisation & thereby does
    not contribute to alteration of pH.
    Buffer system
     Primary Chemical buffer
    1 Bicarbonate
    2 Phosphate
    3 Protein

     Secondary Physiological
    Respiration ( lungs )
    Renal system
    W hat is an ABG?

    An arterial blood gas (ABG) test


    measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
    in blood. It also measures body’s acid- base
    (pH) level, which is normally balanced when
    healthy.
    • The Components
    • pH / PaCO 2 / PaO 2 / HCO 3 / O 2 s at / BE
    • Desired Ranges
    • pH - 7.35 - 7.45
    • PaCO - 3 5 - 4 5
    2

    • PaO - 80-100
    2

    • HCO - 21-27
    3

    • O s at - 95-100%
    2

    • Base Excess - + / - 2 mEq/L


    W hy O rder an
    ABG?
    • Aids in establishing a diagnosis
    • Helps guide treatment plan
    • Aids in ventilator management
    • Improvement in acid/base management
    allows for optimal function of
    medicat ions
    • Acid/ base st atus may alte r
    elect r oly te levels criti cal to patient
    status/care
    Logistic
    s
    The options for ABG sample
    • Radial
    • Femoral
    • Brachial
    • Dorsalis Pedis
    Acid Base Balance
    • The body produces acids daily
    • 15,000 mmol CO 2

    • The lungs and kidneys at t empt


    t o maintain balance
    Acid Base Balance
    • Assessment of st at us via
    bicarbonat e- carbon dioxide
    buff er system
    • CO + H O <--> H CO <--> HCO + H
    2 2 2 3 3
    - +
    The Terms
    • ACIDS • BASES
    • Acidemia • Alkalemia
    • Acidosis • Alkalosis
    • Respiratory • Respiratory
    CO2 CO2
    • Metabolic • Metabolic
    HCO3 HCO3
    Respiratory
    Acidosis
    • ph, CO 2, Ventilation
    • Causes
    • CNS depression
    • Pleural disease
    • COPD/ARDS
    • Musculoskeletal disorders
    • Compensation for metabolic alkalosis
    Respiratory
    Acidosis
    • Acute vs Chronic
    • Acute - little kidney involvement.
    Buffering via titration via Hb for example
    • pH by 0.08 for 10mmHg  in CO 2

    • Chronic - Renal compensation via


    synthesis and retention of HCO3 (Cl to
    balance charges ➜ hypochloremia)
    • pH by 0.03 for 10mmHg in CO2
    Respirat ory
    Alkalosis
    • pH, CO 2, Ventilation

    • Causes
    • Intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Salicylate and Progesterone drug usage
    • Anxiety ➜ lung compliance
    • Cirrhosis of the liver
    • Sepsis
    Respirat ory
    Alkalosis
    • Acute vs. Chronic
    • Acute - HCO by 2 mEq/L for every
    3

    10mmHg  in PCO2
    • Chronic - Ratio increases to 4 mEq/L of
    HCO3 for every 10mmHg  in PCO2
    Metabolic
    Acidosis
    • pH, HCO 3

    • PCO2 by 1.2mmHg for every 1


    mEq/L
    HCO3
    Meta bolic
    Alkalosis
    • pH, HCO 3

    • PCO by 0.7 for every 1mEq/L  in HCO


    2 3

    • Causes
    • Vomiting
    • Diuretics
    • Chronic diarrhea
    • Hypokalemia
    • Renal Failure
    Easy to understand
    ROME
    PH PCO2 HCO3

    Respiratory NORMAL
    Acidosis

    Respiratory NORMAL
    Alkalosis

    Metabolic NORMAL
    Acidosis

    Metabolic NORMAL
    Alkalosis
    COMPENSATION
    PH PCO2 HCO3
    Respiratory NORMAL
    Acidosis

    Respiratory NORMAL
    Alkalosis

    Metabolic NORMAL
    Acidosis

    Metabolic NORMAL
    Alkalosis
    The S t eps
    • S ta r t with the pH
    • Note the PCO 2
    • Note the HCO3
    • Determine
    compensation
    Examples 1
    If the pH is 7.30, the PaCO2 is 50, and the
    HCO3 is 24 what is the likely diagnosis?
    Answer
    Acute uncompensated RESPIRATORY
    ACIDOSIS
    Example 2
    If the pH is 7.49, the PaCO2 is

    25, and the HCO3 is 22 what is the likely


    diagnosis?
    Answer
    ACUTE RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
    Example 3
    • If the pH is 7.56, the PaCO2 is 39, and
    the HCO3 is 38, what is the likely
    diagnosis?
    Answer
    METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
    Example 4
    • If the pH is 7.35, the PaCO2 is 25, and the
    HCO3 is 9, what is the likely diagnosis?
    Answer
    COMPENSTATED METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
    Example 5
    • If the pH is 7.30, the PaCO2 is 25, and the
    HCO3 is 9, what is the likely diagnosis?
    Answer
    PARTIALLY COMPENSTATED METABOLIC
    ACIDOSIS

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