LESSON 3: Mean and

Variance of a DRV
FRANCISCO F. TABERNA
9/5/20
Objectives
 Illustrate the mean and variance of
discrete and continuous random variables
 Calculate the mean and variance of
discrete and continuous random variables
 Solve problems related to mean and
variance and interpret the results
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MEAN AND VARIANCE OF A
DRV
The MEAN and the STANDARD
DEVIATION are used to describe a
frequency distribution. Hence, they
can be used to describe probability
distribution.
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Definition
The
  mean of DRV also known as the
expected value, is the weighted average
of all possible values of the random
variables. It is denoted by .

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Definition
The
  variance is a measure of spread
or dispersion. It measures the variation
of the values of a random variable from
the mean. It is denoted by and its
square root is called the standard
deviation.
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Formula
If P(X=x)
  is the probability of every
value of x,
1. Mean:
2. Variance:
3. Standard deviation:
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Interpretation of Mean and Variance
If the mean is the center of a
random variable’s probability
distribution, then the variance is a
measure of how much the probability
mass is spread out around the center.

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Example 1
Students were asked to
estimate the length (in inches) of a
table. The errors in the estimated
values were recorded and tabulated
as follows:
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Example 1
Errors 3 4 5 6 7
P(X=x) 0.25 0.1 0.3 0.15 0.2
1. Find the mean error of this probability
distribution.
2. Determine the variance and the standard
deviation.
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Solution
Errors 3 4 5 6 7
P(X=x) 0.25 0.1 0.3 0.15 0.2
Mean:
 

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Solution
Variance:
 

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Solution
Standard
  deviation:

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Example 2
Based on record from Rescue 922,
the rescue team of LGU Cauayan City,
the number of daily accidents around
the city is manifested in the ff.
probability distribution.

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Example 2
No. of accidents daily x Probability P(X=x)
0 0.15
1 0.35
2 0.30
3 0.10
4 0.10

1. What is the average number of accidents that occur

daily around the city?
2. What is the standard deviation?
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Standard Deviation:
Solution
No.
No. of
of Proba
Proba Mean Variance
accidents
accidents -bility
-bility
daily
daily xx P(X=x)
P(X=x)
0 0.15 0 - 1.65 2.7225 0.4084
0 0.15 0 - 1.65 2.7225 0.4084
1 0.35 0.35 - 0.65 0.4225 0.1479
1
2 0.35
0.30 0.35
0.60 -0.35
0.65 0.4225
0.1225 0.1479
0.0368
2
3 0.30
0.10 0.60
0.30 0.35
1.35 0.1225
1.8225 0.0368
0.1823
3
4 0.10 0.30
0.40 1.35
2.35 1.8225
5.5225 0.1823
0.5523
4 0.10 1.65
0.40 2.35 5.5225 1.33
0.5523
1.65 1.33
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Supplementary Problems
1. Annually, SM City Cauayan
opens job opportunities. The
probability of hiring X additional
employees among applicants is
as shown;
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Supplementary Problems
X 1 2 3 4 5
P(X=x) 0.1 0.15 0.16 0.29 0.3

Compute the mean, variance and

standard deviation.

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Supplementary Problems
2. The data shows the company’s
probability of earning a
projected profit for one year.
Solve for the average projected
profit and the standard deviated.
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Supplementary Problems
Profit in Millions Probability in percent
5.6 20
4.7 15
8.2 18
3.3 35
10.0 12

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Supplementary Problems
3. Solve for the mean and variance
Sample
Points 11 15 22 33 45
(x)
P(X=x) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3

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Supplementary Problems
4. Determine the mean, variance
and standard deviation
Sample
Points 0 1 2 3
(x)
P(X=x) ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼

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Example 1
Complete the table and
compute the mean by using the
given formula.

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Example: Ages of G11 Math
Teachers
x f fx
21 2
25 4
36 6
43 2
50 1

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Mean :Ages of G11 Math Teachers
x f fx
21 2 42
25 4
36 6
43 2
50 1

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Mean :Ages of G11 Math Teachers
x f fx
21 2 42
25 4 100
36 6
43 2
50 1

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Mean :Ages of G11 Math Teachers
x f fx
21 2 42
25 4 100
36 6 216
43 2
50 1

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Mean :Ages of G11 Math Teachers
x f fx
21 2 42
25 4 100
36 6 216
43 2 86
50 1

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Mean :Ages of G11 Math Teachers
x f fx
21 2 42
25 4 100
36 6 216
43 2 86
50 1 50

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Mean :Ages of G11 Math Teachers
x f fx
21 2 42
25 4 100
36 6 216
43 2 86
50 1 50
Total N=15

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Mean :Ages of G11 Math Teachers
x f fx
21 2 42
25
25 4
4 100
100
36 6 216
36 6 216
43 2 86
43
50 2
1 86
50
50
Total 1
N=15 50
Ʃ
Total N=15
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Mean :Ages of G11 Math Teachers
 
Since N = 15, , therefore
the mean of the ages of
G11 math teachers is
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Standard Deviation
 The variance and the standard
deviation of a frequency
distribution are computed using the
following formula.

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Standard Deviation
  Where
and N = total
frequency
f = frequency
x = score
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42
25
25 4
4 100
100
36 6 216
36 6 216
43 2 86
43
50 2
1 86
50
50
Total 1
N=15 50
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441
25
25 4
4 100
100
36 6 216
36 6 216
43 2 86
43
50 2
1 86
50
50
Total 1
N=15 50
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441
25
25 4
4 100
100 625
625
36 6 216
36 6 216
43 2 86
43
50 2
1 86
50
50
Total 1
N=15 50
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441
25
25 4
4 100
100 625
625
36 6 216 1296
36 6 216 1296
43 2 86
43
50 2
1 86
50
50
Total 1
N=15 50
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441
25
25 4
4 100
100 625
625
36 6 216 1296
36 6 216 1296
43 2 86 1849
43
50 2
1 86
50 1849
50
Total 1
N=15 50
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441
25
25 4
4 100
100 625
625
36 6 216 1296
36 6 216 1296
43 2 86 1849
43
50 2
1 86
50 1849
2500
50
Total 1
N=15 50 2500
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441 882
882
25
25 4
4 100
100 625
625
36 6 216 1296
36 6 216 1296
43 2 86 1849
43
50 2
1 86
50 1849
2500
50
Total 1
N=15 50 2500
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441 882
882
25
25 4
4 100
100 625
625 2500
2500
36 6 216 1296
36 6 216 1296
43 2 86 1849
43
50 2
1 86
50 1849
2500
50
Total 1
N=15 50 2500
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441 882
882
25
25 4
4 100
100 625
625 2500
2500
36 6 216 1296 7776
36 6 216 1296 7776
43 2 86 1849
43
50 2
1 86
50 1849
2500
50
Total 1
N=15 50 2500
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441 882
882
25
25 4
4 100
100 625
625 2500
2500
36 6 216 1296 7776
36 6 216 1296 7776
43 2 86 1849 3698
43
50 2
1 86
50 1849
2500 3698
50
Total 1
N=15 50 2500
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441 882
882
25
25 4
4 100
100 625
625 2500
2500
36 6 216 1296 7776
36 6 216 1296 7776
43 2 86 1849 3698
43
50 2
1 86
50 1849
2500 3698
2500
50
Total 1
N=15 50 2500 2500
Total N=15
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Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
x f fx
21
21 2
2 42
42 441
441 882
882
25
25 4
4 100
100 625
625 2500
2500
36 6 216 1296 7776
36 6 216 1296 7776
43 2 86 1849 3698
43
50 2
1 86
50 1849
2500 3698
2500
50
Total 1
N=15 50 2500 2500
Ʃ
Total N=15
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 Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
 

Since N = 15, Ʃfx= 494 and Ʃ then

=

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 Standard Deviation: Ages of G11
Math Teachers
 

And
=

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MEAN OF Discrete Probability
Distribution
To find the mean μ or the
expected value E(X) of a DPD, we
use the following formula

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MEAN: DPD
 
μ=mean
X = value of random variable
P(X) = probability value of RV
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