INTERNET EQUIPMENTS

CLIENT SERVER MODEL

INTERNET SERVICE
INTERNET APPLICATION
INTERNET
EQUIPMENTS
ROUTER
What is router ?
 A router is a device that forwards data packets
along networks.
 It is connected to at least two networks,
commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its
ISP's network.
 Routers are located at gateways, the places
where two or more networks connect.
EXAMPLE OF ROUTER
WI-FI MODEM

 Modem is the shortened word for modulator-demodulator.

 A Wi-Fi modem is a piece of equipment that is hooked up to a
computer, and its purpose is to relay information.
 This information is transmitted with the use of a telephone or
cable line.
 Computers hold digital information, and telephones send
information with analog waves.
• Modems can be attached to computers either
externally or placed internally.
• The modem’s job is to convert the information
between digital and analog waves.
• A modem is about line/channel coding
• It is very low level details which most do not care
about but that is what really makes the thing fly!
• It deals with low level encoding . A/D conversion,
signal processing etc. Something needs to go over the
physical line, air, optical cable. 
EXAMPLE OF MODEM
TELEPHONE MODEM
  A modem is a device or program that enables a
computer to transmit data over, for
example, telephone or cable lines.
 Computer information is stored digitally, whereas
information transmitted over telephone lines is
transmitted in the form of analog waves.
 DSL filter

•A DSL filter allows you to use the Internet without tying

up the phone line.

•When using DSL services, a filter is needed to separate

data and voice signals so they don’t interfere with each
other.
DSL FILTER
 Device Description Ideal For
Router Paired with a modem, a router provides Those with an Internet modem that
wireless access so customers can connect want a wireless connection.
all their devices from anywhere in the
home.

WiFi Modem Combines a modem and router in one Households that want to wirelessly
device for in-home WiFi (wireless connect multiple devices
connection). Available as single band or
dual band. Dual band provides an
additional and less crowded WiFi channel
at 5 GHz, which may be more ideal for
households with many devices
simultaneously connected to WiFi. 

Internet & Telephone Modem Combines Internet and telephone in one Those with Internet and telephone
device. (Router also required for in-home service with hard-wired Internet or
WiFi.) accompanying router for wireless.

WiFi Internet & Telephone Combines a WiFi Modem and telephone Those with Internet and telephone
Modem modem in one device with built-in Quality who want a wireless connection for
of Service delivery, which means phone multiple devices.
conversations aren’t mixed in with other
Internet traffic, providing customer with
HD-quality sound.
CLIENT SERVER
MODEL
 WHAT IS CLIENT SERVER MODEL ?

 The client-server model is a distributed communication

framework of network processes among service requestors,
clients and service providers. The client-server connection is
established through a network or the Internet.
The client-server model is a core network computing
concept also building functionality for email exchange
and Web/database access. Web technologies and
protocols built around the client-server model are:

1. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

2. Domain Name System (DNS)
3. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
4. Telnet
Clients include Web browsers, chat applications,
and email software, among others.

Servers include Web, database, application, chat

and email, etc
A server manages most processes and stores all data.
A client requests specified data or processes. The
server relays process output to the client. Clients
sometimes handle processing, but require server data
resources for completion.

The client-server model differs from a peer-to-peer

(P2P) model where communicating systems are the
client or server, each with equal status and
responsibilities. The P2P model is decentralized
networking. The client-server model is centralized
networking.
One client-server model drawback is having too
many client requests under run a server and lead to
improper functioning or total shutdown. Hackers often
use such tactics to terminate specific organizational
services through distributed denial-of-service (DDoS)
attacks.
Computer transactions in which the server fulfils a request made
by a client are very common and the client/server model has
become one of the central ideas of network computing. Most
business applications use the client/server model as does the
Internet's main program.

For example, when you check your bank account from your
computer, a client program in your computer forwards a request to
a server program at the bank. That program may in turn forward a
request to its own client program, which then sends a request to
a database server at another bank computer. Once your account
balance has been retrieved from the database, it is returned back to
the bank data client, which in turn serves it back to the client in
your personal computer, which then displays the information to
you. 
 
INTERNET
SERVICE
HISTORY OF INTERNET SERVICE
Internet Service Providers (ISP’s), which first began to
emerge in the late 1980s and early 1990s, are the
businesses and organizations that provide users with
Internet access and related services.

These providers connect customers to customers of

other service providers by way of networks. Often,
Internet Services (also called Inter Service Providers or
Internet Access Providers) are companies that provide
telecommunications services including data
communications access and telephone connection.
The majority of telephone companies now function
as Internet Access Providers as well. ISP’s may be
commercial, non-profit, privately owned or
community-owned.
 WHAT IS INTERNET SERVICE?

 Itrefers to certain companies that provides Internet

services, including personal and business access to
the Internet.
 For a monthly fee, the service provider usually
provides a software package, username, password,
and access phone number.
 Equipped with a modem, you can then log on to the
Internet and browse the World Wide Web and
USENET and send and receive e-mail.
 For broadband access you typically receive the
broadband modem hardware or pay a monthly fee for
this equipment that is added to your ISP account billing.

Some of these services include Internet access,

domain name registration, domain name hosting, dial-up
access, leased line access and co-location.

As most know, the Internet is a global system of

interconnected computer networks used by billions of
people across the world. This system of networks is
linked by a vast assortment of electronic, optical
networking and wireless technologies.
 EXAMPLES OF INTERNET SERVICE

 There are quite a few different types of

Internet Service Providers available today,
including access, mailbox, hosting, transit,
virtual and free.
1. Access ISPs 
Employ a variety of technologies to facilitate
consumers’ connection to their network. These
technologies may include broadband or dialup. Always-
on types of broadband connections comprise cable, fiber
optic service (FiOS), DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and
satellite. A number of access providers also provide
email and hosting services. 
2. Mailbox ISPs 

Offer email mailbox hosting services and email

servers to send, receive and store email. Many
mailbox ISPs are also access providers. 

3. Hosting ISPs 

Offer email, File Transfer Protocol (FTP),

web-hosting services, virtual machines, clouds
and physical servers. 
4. Transit ISPs 
Provide large amounts of bandwidth needed to
connect hosting ISPs and access ISPs together. 

5. Virtual ISPs (VISP) 

Purchase services from other ISPs to allow customers
Internet access. 

6. Free ISPs (freenets) 

Provide service free of charge and often display
advertisements while users are connected.
INTERNET
APPLICATION
 WHAT IS INTERNET APPLICATION ?
 Internet applications are based on remote servers, which means that the
programs that accept and process information are not run locally on the
user's machine. This is the key difference between Internet and desktop
applications, where all processing is done locally. For Internet
applications, processing on the user's machine is typically minimal.
When information is entered into the Internet application, it is sent
along telecommunication lines to the server, where it is then processed
and recorded. The server then sends revised information back to the
Internet application for the user to review.
 Different tools allow developers to create different
kinds of Internet applications. Flash is ideal for making
interactive picture or video applications such as simple
browser games. Java is similar to Flash but allows for the
creation of more complex objects and more versatile
programming. Silver light is used for some online
streaming video applications. Each of these tools must be
installed in the form of a browser plug-in.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

 The internet has many more advantages than it does

disadvantages according to research.

Advantages :
 Allows easy and quick access to information.

 Enables user to access files and information from any

computer anywhere in the world.
 People can check financial information, purchase products,
talk to people and much more online.
 Downloading music- quick and easy.

 User can send information quickly from computer to computer.

Disadvantages :

• It promotes violence and bad behavior within society,

as it contains violent videos and other disturbing
images.

• It can encourage negative activities such as

pornography and these things can now be explored
more openly due to internet.

• It stops children from going out, as they wish to stay

home and use the internet to talk to friends etc.
 WHY IS IT USED ?
The internet is used for many different things such as :

 Talking to friends - using programmes such as msn

and myspace
 Online shopping - buying items from the internet
without leaving your home using sites
 Watching videos - using websites such as
www.youtube.com
 Research - using search engines such as google

 Downloading/listening to music - using programmes

such as lime wire or sites such as www.myspace.com
 THE VALUE OF THE INTERNET
FOR MEDIA INSTITUTIONS
The internet is a great advantage to different institutions around
the world.
It enables them to :
 Advertise online which gives them further promotion.

 Allow customers to make online accounts and buy products

online.
 They can use the internet to create their own website which
can give clients the latest news etc.
 Allows them to send emails to institutions in other countries
to also give further promotion and development.
 They can download information from the internet on to their
computer systems quick and easily.
 EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGIES

 RFID

 Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11

 Barcode & QR Code

 Sensors and smartphones

RFID
 RFID
 Widely used in Transport and Logistics

 Easy to deploy : RFID tags and RFID readers

 Thecommunication range and the frequency

depends on the type of technology.
 WI-FI
 Very common

 Widely used both in indoor and outdoor environments.

 General purpose

 Low cost

 Maybe not a good solution in some special conditions

BARCODE & QR CODE
 BARCODE & QR CODE

 Low cost

 No technological difficulties

 Several devices can read a barcode

 Starting
point for more complex systems
Examples : price comparison
SENSORS AND SMARTPHONES
SENSORS AND SMARTPHONES
 In the near future almost everybody will probably have a
smartphone

 A smartphone isn’t just a mobile phone that has access to

the Internet

 The iPhone has a lot of different types of sensors

 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
I think the internet will develop in the future in the following
ways :
 It will become cheaper for people to use

 It will become much faster and information will be able to be

accessed more quickly
 More and more information will be added to it, which will
make it the worlds biggest technology resource.
 It will continue to grow as it becomes cheaper people in less
economically developed countries will gain access to it, further
developing their education and access to information
 Overall, the internet will become even more advanced in
technology, making it cheaper, faster and more widely
accessed.
THANK YOU