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Cpe 312/ Cpe 4B4: Digital and Data Communications

The document provides an introduction to digital modulation and digital radio. It defines key terms like electronic communications, digital modulation, and information capacity. It explains Shannon's limit for information capacity and M-ary encoding. The document outlines basic digital modulation techniques like ASK, FSK, PSK, and QAM. It discusses advantages of digital signals over analog signals for wireless communications and covers information capacity, bit rate, baud rate, and minimum bandwidth. An example problem calculates baud rate and bit rate given symbols with 64 states transmitted at 10,000 symbols per second.

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John Paul Alcantara Nidoy
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33 views16 pages

Cpe 312/ Cpe 4B4: Digital and Data Communications

The document provides an introduction to digital modulation and digital radio. It defines key terms like electronic communications, digital modulation, and information capacity. It explains Shannon's limit for information capacity and M-ary encoding. The document outlines basic digital modulation techniques like ASK, FSK, PSK, and QAM. It discusses advantages of digital signals over analog signals for wireless communications and covers information capacity, bit rate, baud rate, and minimum bandwidth. An example problem calculates baud rate and bit rate given symbols with 64 states transmitted at 10,000 symbols per second.

Uploaded by

John Paul Alcantara Nidoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CpE 312/

CpE 4B4
DIGITAL AND DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
INTRODUCTION TO
DIGITAL MODULATION

BY ENGR. JTM
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the topic……
 Define electronic communications
 Define digital modulation and digital radio
 Define information capacity
 Explain Shannon’s limit for information capacity
 Explain M-ary encoding
DIGITAL MODULATION
• Includes systems where relatively high-
frequency analog carriers are modulated by
relatively low-frequency digital information
signals (digital radio)
• Involves transmission of digital pulses (digital
transmission)
BASIC DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES

• Amplitude-shift keying (ASK)


• Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
• Phase-shift keying (PSK)
• QAM
Simplified block diagram of a digital radio system.
Advantages of digital over analog signals in
wireless communications:
• Digital signals can be manipulated more easily than
analog signals. They are easier to multiplex, for
instance.
• Digital signals can easily be encrypted to ensure privacy.
• When an analog signal goes through a chain of signal
processors, such as transmitters, receivers, and
amplifiers, noise and distortion accumulate. This
process can be made much less severe in digital
systems by regenerating the signal and by using various
types of error control.
Advantages of digital over analog signals in
wireless communications:
• Data compression can be used with a digital
signal to reduce its bandwidth to less than
that required to transmit the original analog
signal. Until recently the use of digital
techniques was restricted because digital
communication required more bandwidth
than analog. That situation has changed quite
radically in recent years.
Information Capacity
Hartley’s Law
Information Capacity
Shannon-Hartley Theorem
Shannon Information Limit
M-ary Encoding
• Derived from the word binary
• M represents a digit that corresponds to the
number of conditions (levels, combinations or
possibilities)
• Higher than binary
• N = log2 M
Bit rate and baud rate
• The bit rate is simply the number of bits
transmitted per second

• Baud rate is the number of symbols per second.

mathematically
MINIMUM BANDWIDTH
From Shannon -Hartley
C = fb = 2B log2 M

From Nyquist
B = 2f
B = fb / log2 M
B = fb/N
Example
• A modulator transmits symbols, each of which
has 64 different possible states, 10,000 times
per second. Calculate the baud rate and bit
rate.
Solution
• The baud rate is simply the symbol rate, or 10
kbaud. The bit rate is given by

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