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 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO:

SCALAR VECTOR
Physical quantities that has both
Physical quantities that has
magnitude and direction
only magnitude
REPERESENTED BY AN ARROW
The magnitude of a vector is also a
scalar.
Time Mass Displacement Velocity Acceleration

REPRESENTATION – a number REPRESENTATION – a number

(magnitude) and unit (magnitude) direction using arrow unit
SYMBOL – quantity symbol SYMBOL – quantity symbol in bold and
an arrow sign above
DIRECTION – NO
DIRECTION – YES
 RESULTANT VECTOR - the total sum of a vector.
- adding two or more vectors together

ANALYTICAL METHOD
GRAPHICAL METHOD SOH – CAH -
A B A+B B TOA
+ = A+ B
PYTHAGOREAN
B A-B
A A THEOREM
+ =

A PARALLELOGRAM METHOD
OR PARALLELOGRAM LAW
B
+

-B
A

B
A+

B B
A+
B

A
A
+ C
+ B C
A COSINE LAW
SINE LAW
B
A
Force Vector The Value of x and y component
Example
Given a set of axes (x,y) where force vector of 316 N has a direction of 35 degrees North of East.
Determine the x and y component to 3 Significant Figures. Solution:
The Trigonometri
Given:
F = 316 N 35 degrees y Function that forms a
relationship between
North of East. F = 316 N angle and hypotenuse.
Required:   𝑎𝑑𝑗
Fx = ? cos 𝜃 =
Fy = ?
h𝑦𝑝
 

 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝐹 𝐶𝑜𝑠 35 °
N Fy  𝐹 𝑥 =316 𝑁 𝐶𝑜𝑠 35 °

W E Fx = 259 N ANS

 
S 35 deg
x
Fx
Force Vector The Value of x and y component
Example
Given a set of axes (x,y) where force vector of 316 N has a direction of 35 degrees North of East.
Determine the x and y component to 3 Significant Figures. Solution:
The Trigonometri
Given:
F = 316 N 35 degrees y Function that forms a
relationship between
North of East. F = 316 N angle and hypotenuse.
Required:   𝑜𝑝𝑝
Fx = ? sin 𝜃 =
h𝑦𝑝
Fy = ?  

 𝐹 𝑦 = 𝐹 𝑆𝑖𝑛 35 °
N Fy  𝐹 𝑦 =316 𝑁 𝑆𝑖𝑛 35 °

W E Fy = 181 N ANS
 
S 35 deg
x
Fx
Force Vector The Value of x and y component
Example 2
A man pulls a force of 300 N on a rope attached to a building as shown. What is the horizontal and
vertical components of the force exerted by the rope at point A?
FBD The Trigonometri Function
8m that forms a relationship
between angle and
 = ?
α hypotenuse.
  𝑜𝑝𝑝
sin α   =
 = ? 6m h𝑦𝑝
 

 𝐹 𝑦 = 𝐹 𝑆𝑖𝑛 36.87 °
300 N  𝐹 𝑦 =300 𝑁 𝑆𝑖𝑛36.87 °
Solution:
  𝑜𝑝𝑝
Given: tan α =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 Fy = 180 N ANS
F = 300 N   6𝑚
tan α =
Required: 8𝑚 Fy = - 180 N ANS
Fx = ?
 
87
Fy = ?
 Force Vector The Value of x and y component
Example 2
A man pulls a force of 300 N on a rope attached to a building a shown. What is the horizontal and
vertical components of the force exerted by the rope at point A?
FBD The Trigonometric
  𝑎𝑑𝑗 8m Function that forms a
cos α   =
h𝑦𝑝  𝐹 𝑥 relationship between
  α angle and hypotenuse.
 𝐹 𝑦   𝑜𝑝𝑝
sin α   =
6m h𝑦𝑝
 𝐹 𝑥 =𝐹 𝐶𝑜𝑠36.87 °  

 𝐹 𝑥 =300 𝑁 𝐶𝑜𝑠 36.87 °  𝐹 𝑦 = 𝐹 𝑆𝑖𝑛 36.87 °

300 N  𝐹 𝑦 =300 𝑁 𝑆𝑖𝑛36.87 °
Fx = 240 N Solution:
ANS   𝑜𝑝𝑝
tan α =
h𝑦𝑝 Fy = 180 N ANS
  6𝑚
tan α =
8𝑚
 
87
RESULTANT FORCE
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS

Parallelogram Law.
• Two “component” forces F1 and F2 in the figure shown according to
the parallelogram law, yielding a resultant force FR that forms the
diagonal of the parallelogram.

• Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and the angles
on the sketch and identify the two unknowns as the magnitude and
direction of FR, or the magnitudes of its components.

Trigonometry.
• Redraw a half portion of the parallelogram to illustrate the
triangular head-to-tail addition of the components.
• From this triangle, the magnitude of the resultant force can be
determined using the law of cosines, and its direction is determined
from the law of sines. The magnitudes of two force components are
determined from the law of sines. The formulas are given in Fig.
EXAMPLE 1 The screw eye shown in the figure is subjected to two forces, F1 and F2. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the resultant force.
FBD
y F2
10⁰ FR = ? FR = ?
F2 = 150 N
φ⁰ φ⁰
θ⁰  R
F1 15⁰
F1 = 100 N
x
Solution:
Given:
F1 = 100 N
 
θ⁰
F2 = 150 N
 ¿ 𝟔𝟓 ⁰
Required:
   φ ⁰
FR= ?
R ¿  𝟏𝟏𝟓 ⁰
EXAMPLE 1 The screw eye shown in the figure is subjected to two forces, F1 and F2. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the resultant force.
Trigonometry. Using the Law of Cosines:  F R F2
=
  𝟐 = 𝑨𝟐 + 𝑩𝟐 − 𝟐 𝑨𝑩 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒄
𝑪 𝒔𝒊𝒏 Φ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷
 𝟐𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟓 𝑵   150  N  
FR = ?
F  R 𝟐=F1𝟐 +F 2𝟐 −𝟐 F 1F 2𝑪𝒐𝒔 φ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟏𝟓 ⁰
=
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷
F  R 𝟐=100 𝟐 +150𝟐 − 𝟐 (100)(150)𝑪𝒐𝒔 115 ⁰ ¿
F2 = 150 N 𝒔𝒊𝒏
  𝜷=150  N( 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟏𝟓⁰¿
φ⁰ F  R 𝟐=100 𝟐 +150𝟐 − 𝟐 (100)(150)𝑪𝒐𝒔 115 ⁰ 𝟐𝟏𝟐.𝟓𝟓 𝑵
F  R 𝟐=100 𝟐 +150𝟐 − 𝟐 (100)(150)𝑪𝒐𝒔 115 ⁰ 𝜷=𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏150 N(
  𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟏𝟓⁰¿ ¿
  𝟐𝟏𝟐.𝟓𝟓 𝑵
 F R 𝟐= 𝟒𝟓 , 𝟏𝟕𝟖 . 𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟓
F1 = 100 N  𝜷=𝟑𝟗 . 𝟕𝟔 ⁰
 √ F R 𝟐❑
=√ 𝟒𝟓 , 𝟏𝟕𝟖 .𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟓
   F R = 𝟐𝟏𝟐 . 𝟓𝟓 𝑵
Using the Law Of Sines:

  𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
= =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄
EXAMPLE 1 The screw eye shown in the figure is subjected to two forces, F1 and F2. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the resultant force.
Trigonometry. Using the Law of Cosines:  F R F2
=
  𝟐 = 𝑨𝟐 + 𝑩𝟐 − 𝟐 𝑨𝑩 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝒄
𝑪 𝒔𝒊𝒏 Φ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷
N
y F2
. 55  𝟐𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟓 𝑵   150  N  
F  R 𝟐=F1𝟐 +F 2𝟐 −𝟐 F 1F 2𝑪𝒐𝒔 φ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟏𝟓 ⁰
=
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷
11

10⁰ FR = ?
F  R 𝟐=100 𝟐 +150𝟐 − 𝟐 (100)(150)𝑪𝒐𝒔 115 ⁰
=2

F2 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏
  𝜷=150  N( 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟏𝟓⁰¿ ¿
FR

φ⁰ F  R 𝟐=100 𝟐 +150𝟐 − 𝟐 (100)(150)𝑪𝒐𝒔 115 ⁰ 𝟐𝟏𝟐.𝟓𝟓 𝑵

F  R 𝟐=100 𝟐 +150𝟐 − 𝟐 (100)(150)𝑪𝒐𝒔 115 ⁰ 𝜷=𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏150 N(
  𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟏𝟓⁰¿ ¿
  𝜷  𝟐𝟏𝟐.𝟓𝟓 𝑵
  R
15⁰  F R 𝟐= 𝟒𝟓 , 𝟏𝟕𝟖 . 𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟓
F1 = 100 N
 √ 𝟐  𝜷=𝟑𝟗 . 𝟕𝟔 ⁰
x F R =√ 𝟒𝟓 , 𝟏𝟕𝟖 .𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟓 THUS,THE DIRECTION OFMEASURED
 F  
 
R ❑
= 𝟐𝟏𝟐 . 𝟓𝟓 𝑵 FROM THE HORIZONTAL

Using the Law Of Sines: 𝜷  𝑹=𝟑𝟗 . 𝟕𝟔 ⁰  + 15⁰

  𝑨 𝑩 𝑪  
= =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄
𝑻𝑯𝑬𝑹𝑬𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑬,
 
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝑭=𝟐𝟏𝟐.𝟓 𝑵𝒂𝒕𝟓𝟒.𝟕𝟔⁰𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎𝒙.
EXAMPLE Determine the magnitude of the component force F in the figure shown and the magnitude
of the resultant force FR, if FR is directed along the positive y axis.
Habits of an Effective Problem Solver
1. Read the problem carefully and develop a mental picture of the
physical situation. If necessary, sketch a simple diagram of the physical
situation to help you visualize it.
2. Identify the known and unknown quantities in an organized manner.
Equate given values to the symbols used to represent the corresponding
quantity.
3. Use physics formulas and conceptual reasoning to plot a strategy for
solving for the unknown quantity.
4. Identify the appropriate formula(s) to use.
5. Perform substitutions and algebraic manipulations in order to solve for
the unknown quantity.
“ Don’t be afraid to give up the good to go for
the great.”

– John D. Rockefeller

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 ZOOM SEAT WORK NEXT MEETING

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HAVE A GREAT WEEKEND!!!