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    Enzymes

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    Sailakshmi
    Enzymes are protein catalysts that regulate chemical reactions without being consumed. They have a globular structure and contain amino acid sequences in their active sites that allow substrates to bind. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of reactions, either stabilizing transition states or providing alternative pathways. There are six major types of enzymes that catalyze different reaction types. Enzyme activity can be inhibited by molecules that bind to the active site and decrease catalytic function, which is an important mechanism for many drugs. Enzymes play a key role in biological and industrial processes by accelerating reaction rates.

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    Enzymes

    Uploaded by

    Sailakshmi
    2K views14 pages
    Enzymes are protein catalysts that regulate chemical reactions without being consumed. They have a globular structure and contain amino acid sequences in their active sites that allow substrates to bind. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of reactions, either stabilizing transition states or providing alternative pathways. There are six major types of enzymes that catalyze different reaction types. Enzyme activity can be inhibited by molecules that bind to the active site and decrease catalytic function, which is an important mechanism for many drugs. Enzymes play a key role in biological and industrial processes by accelerating reaction rates.

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    Enzymes are protein catalysts that regulate chemical reactions without being consumed. They have a globular structure and contain amino acid sequences in their active sites that allow substrates to bind. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of reactions, either stabilizing transition states or providing alternative pathways. There are six major types of enzymes that catalyze different reaction types. Enzyme activity can be inhibited by molecules that bind to the active site and decrease catalytic function, which is an important mechanism for many drugs. Enzymes play a key role in biological and industrial processes by accelerating reaction rates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views14 pages

    Enzymes

    Uploaded by

    Sailakshmi
    Enzymes are protein catalysts that regulate chemical reactions without being consumed. They have a globular structure and contain amino acid sequences in their active sites that allow substrates to bind. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of reactions, either stabilizing transition states or providing alternative pathways. There are six major types of enzymes that catalyze different reaction types. Enzyme activity can be inhibited by molecules that bind to the active site and decrease catalytic function, which is an important mechanism for many drugs. Enzymes play a key role in biological and industrial processes by accelerating reaction rates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    ENZYMES

    By
    S.Sai lakshmi
    Content

    • Definition
    • History of enzymes
    • Structure
    • Mechanism of enzyme action
    • Types of enzymes
    • Inhibitors-Types
    • Conclusion
    Definition
    • Enzyme, a substance that acts as a catalyst in living
    organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical
    reactions proceed without itself being altered in the
    process.
    History

    • French chemist Anselme Payen was the first to


    discover an enzyme, diastase, in 1833
    • Eduard Buchner
    yeast enzyme zymase
    Nobel prize for chemistry
    Structure
    Continued....

    • Generally globular proteins
    • Sequence of the amino acids
    •  Sizes range from just 62 amino acid residues, for
    the monomer of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase, to
    over 2,500 residues in the animal fatty acid synthase
    • A small number of RNA-based biological catalysts
    called ribozymes
    Mechanism of enzyme action

    • They are proteins (secondary and tertiary)


    • Acts as a catalyst to accelerate the reaction and it
    increases activation energy.
    • Reaction occurs in active sites
    • Enzyme molecule can convert 1,000 substrate
    molecules per second
    • Rate of the reaction increases with the substate
    concentration.
    Methods for enzyme action
    • Substrate binding
    • "Lock and key" model
    • Induced fit model
    • Catalysis
    • Dynamics
    • Allosteric modulation
    Catalysis
    •  Lower the activation energy
    Methods of catalysis:
    • By stabilizing the transition state
    • By providing an alternative reaction
    pathway
    • By destabilising the substrate ground state
    Types of enzymes
    6 key types in inorganic chemistry
    • Oxioreductases
    • Transferases
    • Hydrolases
    • Lyases
    • Isomerases
    • Ligases
    Inhibitors
    • An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to
    an enzyme and decreases its activity. Since blocking
    an enzyme's activity can kill a pathogen or correct
    a metabolic imbalance, many drugs are enzyme
    inhibitors.
    • Eg.: poison, drug.
    Conclusion
    • Enzymes activities depends upon the biological
    and industrial usage.It acts as a promotes the
    reaction rather than involving in reaction.
    Any queries......

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