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Lecture 6 (Computer Software) - 1

The document discusses the history and types of computer software. It defines software and covers topics like the software development process, system software vs application software, programming software, and different types of software licensing.

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Huzaifa Ali
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22 views

Lecture 6 (Computer Software) - 1

The document discusses the history and types of computer software. It defines software and covers topics like the software development process, system software vs application software, programming software, and different types of software licensing.

Uploaded by

Huzaifa Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Fundamentals

Lecture # 6:
Computer Software
Today’s Aim

 Defining a Software
 History of Software
 Software Development Process
 Types of Software
 Different types of Software License
 Attributes of a Good Software
History of Software
 Concept of Programming Developed by Charles
Babbage
 First Computer Program by Ada Baron
 Alan Turing’s Theory, 1935
 1958, Term Used by John W. Tukey
 Symbolic Language, Programs, Routines,
Procedures, Rules
 Controls functioning of Hardware
 Directs Operations of Hardware
 Needs to be loaded into computer storage
 Consist of “Machine Language”
History of Software

 1945, Von Neumann's “Stored-Program


Technique”
 1949, “Short Code” :Machine Language
 1950’s, Assembly Languages
 1957, Math-Matic :High-Level Language
 1957, FORTRAN :High-Level Language
Software Development Process
 Concept and Feasibility
 Domain Analysis:
 Doing the Homework
 Software Elements Analysis:
 Reading the Customer Requirements
 Specification:
 Precise Description of the Software
 Planning:
 Time, Cost and Personnel Estimates
 Software Architecture:
 Issues Concerned with Software Production and Compatibility
 Implementation:
 Writing the Code
 Testing
 Documentation
Types of Software (User’s view-
point)

 System Software
 Application Software
 Programming Software
System Software
 Control the overall operation of the computer
 OS

 Interact directly with HW


 Device drivers

 Perform system management & maintenance


 Utilities

 Used to develop or maintain other programs


 Language translators
System Software
 Operating System
 Manages Sharing of Resources
 Process Management
 Memory Management
 File System Support
 Networking
 Security
 Graphical User Interface
 Hardware Management
 Examples?
Role of the Operating System
System Software

 Device Drivers
 Work as Interface
 Translates Instructions and Data from OS
and Application Software into Device
Specific Form
 Necessary for Hardware Compatibility
System Software

 Utilities
 For providing a particular functions
 Maintain and manage systems
 Examples:
 Anti-virus SW
 Data compression SW
 Disk optimization SW
 Disk backup SW
System Software

 Language Translators
 Assembler
 Converts Assembly Language into binary code
 Compiler
 Converts a high-level language into binary code
 Interpreter
 Converts and executes one instruction at a time
Application Software
 Direct Interaction with User
 Indirect Interaction with Hardware (through drivers)
 Scientific/engineering/graphics SW
 Matlab; AutoCAD; EWB; PSpice

 Business SW
 The billing system for the mobile phone company

 Productivity SW
 Word processors; Spreadsheets

 Entertainment SW
 Games

 Educational SW
 Electronic encyclopedias
Programming Software

 Used by Programmers
 Assists in Writing Programs
 IDE; Integrated Development Environment
 Language Translators also fall into the same
category
Types of SW (Production Point of View)
 Shrink-Wrapped:
 Retail Software

 OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturers’) Software

 Custom Built.
 Other types:
 Shareware

 Crippleware / Trialware

 Adware

 Demoware

 Spyware

 Freeware

 Public Domain Software


Software Licensing

 Software Protection
 Trade Secrets
 Copyright
 Patents
 Trademarks
 Allows Ownership to stay with the
Manufacturers
Types of Licensing
 Proprietary
 License for ‘Use only’ is Bought
 Manufacturers retain Ownership
 Counters Piracy
 Examples : Shrink-Wrapped
 Types:
 Single-User
 Multiple-User
 Concurrent-User
 Site
Types of Licensing

 Freeware:
 Downloaded from Internet
 Manufacturer retains Ownership
 User is Free to Use
 Examples: Public Domain SW
 Types:
 Open-Source
 Closed-Source
Types of Licensing

 Shareware:
 Downloaded from Internet, or Ordered on
Websites
 Manufacturer retains Ownership
 Payment made Upon Satisfactory Performance
 Reasons
 Types:
 Trialware
 Crippleware
Attributes of a Good Software

 Maintainable
 Reliable
 Efficient
 Appropriate and interactive Interface
 Cost Effective
Objectives Achieved In Today’s Lecture

 Defining Software
 Types of Software
 Attributes of Software
 Software Licensing

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