ASSIGNMENT ON USE AND

PREPARATION OF BIO GAS

 BIO GAS : AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL

 SUBMITTED BY:
 SHASHANK KUMAR SINGH
 ROLL: 67

 SUBMITTED TO:
 PROF. ALOK PANDEY
 LPM
 Introduction of bio gas
 Bio gas refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the
breakdown of many organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
 Biogas can be produced from regionally available raw
materials such as recycled waste.
 It is a renewable energy source.
 Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria
or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as manure,
sewage, municipal waste, green waste, plant material, and crops.
 Composition of bio gas
Constituent Percentage
 Methane 50-60
 CO2 30-45
 Hydrogen Sulphide 5-10
 Nitrogen 0.5-0.7
 Water trace
 How it produces?
 Produced from biomass( leaves, animal
dropping and other agricultural waste) when
it is fermented in an anaerobic(oxygen free)
manner.
 Approximately 67 m3 of gas can be produced

from 1ton of biomass.

 the decomposition process is natural and

inevitable.
Types Biogas plants

 The fixed- dome type of

biogas plant
 The floating gas holder type of
biogas plant
The fixed- dome type of biogas
plant
Raw material
Forms of biomass listed below may be used
along with water.
 • Animal dung
 • Poultry wastes
 • Plant wastes ( Husk, grass, weeds etc.)
 • Human excreta
 • Industrial wastes(Saw dust, wastes from

food processing industries)

 • Domestic wastes (Vegetable peels, waste

food materials)
 CONSTRUCTION OF PLANT
 The biogas plant is a brick and cement structure
having the following five sections:
 Mixing tank present above the ground level.
 Inlet chamber: The mixing tank opens
underground into a sloping inlet chamber.
 Digester: The inlet chamber opens from below
into the digester which is a huge tank with a
dome like ceiling. The ceiling of the digester has
an outlet with a valve for the supply of biogas.
 Outlet chamber: The digester opens from below
into an outlet chamber.
 Overflow tank: The outlet chamber opens from
the top into a small over flow tank
Fixed Dome type Biogas Plant
 How it works
 The various forms of biomass are mixed with an equal
quantity of water in the mixing tank. This forms the slurry.
 The slurry is fed into the digester through the inlet
chamber.
 When the digester is partially filled with the slurry, the
introduction of slurry is stopped and plant is left unused
for about two months.
 During these two months, anaerobic bacteria present in
the slurry decomposes or ferments the biomass in the
presence of water.
 As a result of anaerobic fermentation, biogas is formed,
which starts collecting in the dome of the digester.
Use of bio gas in India:

1. Electricity Generation as a Biogas Use

Most biogas is consumed at its point of manufacture in commercial agricultural Anaerobic Digestion Plants
for electricity generation. This is the first of our biogas uses, done with only minor cleaning of raw biogas.

It includes biogas from landfills. Some water scrubbing may be used before landfill biogas is used in this
way. For landfill gas collected and combusted in engines to make electricity, there may be some removal of a
chemical called siloxane, which makes hard deposits inside the engine, prior to it's use.
Example:
Denmark's government, now followed by a number of others, has decided to enter strategic partnerships to
develop biogas uses. In particular, it is used for vehicles to run on electricity, as well as natural gas and
hydrogen. They plan to have 200,000 electrical charging points in place by 2020.

2. Upgrading Biogas to Biomethane (RNG)

Our second of our biogas uses is upgrading biogas to biomethane (also known as RNG), by taking out the
carbon dioxide, and water, plus the small amounts of hydrogen sulphide and other traces of impurity. Methane
is also the ingredient in conventional natural gas. In other words, renewable natural gas  is biomethane that
has been cleaned to meet natural gas pipeline quality standards.
 3. Biogas Use in the Transport Sector to Power Vehicles
Just like natural gas, biogas can be easily compressed and used to power automobiles.
A proliferation of natural gas use as a transportation fuel will be tied to government incentives and density

of infrastructure. As fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions standards become increasingly stringent
in world markets (particularly for medium and heavy duty vehicles). The use of natural gas is also an
effective way to reduce carbon emissions, but even more effective in reducing carbon emissions is to use
biogas.
Delhi, the Indian capital has the distinction of having the country's first public transport fleet that runs on

two types of clean fuel:

biogas (RNG), and
compressed natural gas (CNG).
This includes some 16,000 buses-in Delhi run on CNG, according to Indraprastha Gas Ltd, a Delhi

government undertaking, which is the sole supplier of CNG in the capital. This was set-up to share
expertise and experiences to support sustainable energy systems in India, with special focus on biogas.
Sweden is moving ahead as a pioneer in biogas technology, using it for heating, power generation and
fueling vehicles

4. Burning Biogas in Domestic Gas Stoves

Biogas can be used in similar ways as natural gas in gas stoves, lamps or as fuel for engines. Compare this
with natural gas, which contains 80 to 90% methane.
Village women, and the whole community, gains from the use of biogas instead of wood fuel. Instead of

spending many hours each day walking to the forest and collection wood fuel, they can use their time in
taking care of their children. Natural burning is preferred because it is free (if you do the work to run the
biogas plant every day), while the biogas fuel commercially available is often too costly.
 5. Biogas Use as Fuel for Portable Electricity Gen-sets
 5th of our biogas uses is as a fuel to power portable electricity generating sets. Most off-grid
homes use portable gen-sets, which are Internal Combustion (IC) engines combined with an
alternator or dynamo. The gen-sets used for running on biogas are the same ones as those used
for running on propane gas or natural gas. They find out the daily power consumption and use
that as a guide to their gen-set requirements.
 The generation of electricity is the single largest use of fuel in the world. About 41% of that
energy came from coal, another 21% came from natural gas, and the rest was covered by
hydro, nuclear, and oil at 16%, 13%, and 5% respectively.

6 .Compression of Biogas to Fill Gas Cylinders

 7th in our list of biogas uses is compression of biogas to fill gas cylinders. Biogas can be
compressed, the same way as natural gas is compressed to CNG, and used to power motor
vehicles. Biogas is cleaned and upgraded to natural gas standards, when it becomes bio-
methane and is then suitable for compression (to make it into a liquid).
 In Scandinavia many users of the CNG fuel, have vehicles from tractors, to car, to buses all
designed, or retro-fitted for natural gas use. Some European sites even have RNG from a local
biogas plants system, piped directly to a nearby fueling station without using the natural gas
pipeline.
7. Direct Conversion of Biogas to Electricity in a Fuel Cell

 As our final example of biogas uses we list direct

conversion of biogas to electricity in a fuel cell. In fuel
cells the gas is burnt to heat a special electrical cell.
This electrical cell when heated creates an electrical
current/ electricity. This process requires very clean
gas and expensive fuel cells, but there is a lot of
potential in this technology for the future. Domestic
central heating boilers are already available which in
addition to providing the hot water to heat a home,
include a fuel cell which produces electricity as well.
Bio gas and its future in india:
 Urban India currently, only about 25% of MSW is processed, i.e, recycled, composted or
converted into biogas or electricity. The remainder nds its way into dump sites or is burned in
open areas. Because of increasing population and auence, MSW generation is estimated to
reach a staggering 4.5 lakh tonnes per day by 2030

 Future Plan
 Apart from these, under the twelfth five year plan (2012-2017), the government of India had
set a target to set up 6.5 lakh biogas plants across the nation with a budget of Rs.650 crore
under a program called, the National Biogas and Manure Management Program (NBMMP). It
had been estimated that by setting up of these biogas plants, about 1-6 cubic meter of biogas
per day and 4745 lakh cubic meter biogas could be produced annually. The program is being
implemented by the State Nodal Departments/State Nodal Agencies and Khadi and Village
Industries Commission (KVIC), Biogas Development and Training Centers (BDTCs).