FBE 3033 BUILDING

TECHNOLOGY & CONCEPT

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING TECHNOLOGY &
CONCEPT
 MODULE INTRODUCTION

• FBE 3033 : BUILDING TECHNOLOGY & CONCEPT

• LECTURER : MR. MOHAMAD SAHAROL NIZAM ABDUL RANI
• CREDIT HOUR : 3
• ASSESSMENT :
MEASURED DRAWING 20%
QUIZ 20%
GROUP ASSIGNMENTS 20%
FINAL EXAMINATION 40%

TOTAL 100%
PRIMARY TOPICS

• INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING TECHNOLOGY &

CONCEPT
• INTRODUCTION TO MEASURED DRAWING
• INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING MATERIALS
• SITE VISIT TO HOUZ DEPOT, ACE HARDWARE, ETC
• PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS
• INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
• INTRODUCTION TO FLOOR SYSTEM
• INTRODUCTION TO WALL SYSTEM
• INTRODUCTION TO ROOF AND CEILING SYSTEM
• INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING FINISHES
• Building construction is the process of adding structure to real

property.

• Building construction projects include some elements in

common - design, financial, and legal considerations.
Many projects of varying sizes reach undesirable end results, such as structural collapse, cost
overrun those with experience in the field make detailed plans and
maintain careful oversight during the project to ensure a positive outcome.
For projects of large size and/or unusual type, the owner will likely
establish a team of workers and advisors to create an overall
plan.
This ensures that the project will proceed in an orderly way to a desirable end.
DESIGN TEAM

The design usually consists of drawings and specifications, usually

prepared by a design team including architects, interior designers, civil engineers,
cost engineers (or quantity surveyors), mechanical engineers,
electrical engineers, and structural engineers.
 The design team is most commonly employed by the property owner.

Under this system, once the design is completed by the design team, a
number of construction companies or construction management
companies may then be asked to make a bid for the work, either based
directly on the design, or on the basis of drawings and a bill of
quantities provided by a surveyor.

Following evaluation of bids, the owner will typically award a contract

to the lowest responsible bidder.
CONSTRUCTION TRADES

• Brickwork •Joinery
• Carpentry •Masonry
• Cladding •Painting and Decorating
• Drainage
•Plastering
• Elevator Mechanic
• Firestopping •Plumbing
• Fireproofing •Roofing
• Framing •Electrician
• Glazing •Iron worker
• Insulation
•Heavy Equipment Operator
• Heating, Ventilation, and
• Air-conditioning •Stonemason
•Cement Mason

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No part of this document may be reproduced without written approval from Limkokwing University of Creative Technology,
Botswana
•The public continually demands more complex
buildings than in the past.

• They must serve

– more purposes,
– last longer,
– and require less maintenance and repair.
– As in the past, they must look attractive.

•Yet, both building construction and operating costs must be kept within
acceptable limits or new construction will cease.

• To meet this challenge successfully, continual improvements in building

design and construction must be made.

• Building designers and constructors should be alert to these advances and

learn how to apply them skilfully. (Ricketts 2000)
Standard concrete block

Lightweight concrete
There are two general approaches in building construction (Greeno 1999):

1. Conventional or traditional methods

• Primary structural elements are constructed entirely or largely on site
• Concentrate on smaller type of structure, such as a domestic dwelling of one or
two storeys built by labour intensive traditional methods.
• Generally it is more economic to construct this type of building by these
methods, unless large numbers of similar units are required on the same site.

2. Modern or industrialized methods

• Process that uses prefabricated elements that are assembled at factory and
transported to site entirely or mostly completed.
• In these circumstances, economic of scale may justify factory manufactured,
prefabricated elements of structure.
• These industrialized manufacturing process used to produced complete
elements, i.e. floors, walls, roof frames, etc.
1. Conventional or traditional methods
2. Modern or industrialized methods
Modern & Industrialized Construction:
Pros:
• Thanks to the ability for the project to run simultaneously on-site and in-factory, modular
construction can be up to 50% quicker than traditional construction.
• As major parts of construction are handled within a factory, weather conditions are often irrelevant
during the majority of the project.
• The factory-based manufacturing process allows not only for greater quality control during the
manufacturing process but for many health and safety risks to be considerably reduced
• The process aims to minimise waste and reduce the project’s carbon footprint
• The impact on the community surrounding the construction site can be significantly reduced, due to
much lower levels of noise and traffic during the project period

Cons:
• Access to the site must be considered from the very beginning, as it will need to allow for the
delivery of large modules.
• Traditional construction allows for later design changes, while modular construction is unlikely to
be able to factor these in, so early complete design sign off is crucial with clients.
• The logistics and planning of individual module assembly will need rigorous planning to ensure a
smooth project.
 Building
A building is an assemblage that is firmly attached to the ground and
that provides total or nearly total shelter for machines, processing
equipment, performance of human activities, storage of human
possessions, or any combination of these (Ricketts 2000).

• Building design - Is the process of providing all information

necessary for construction of a building that will meet its owner’s
requirements and also satisfy public health,
welfare, and safety requirements.

• Architecture is the art and science of building design.

• Building construction is the process of assembling materials to

form a building.
 Building Design
• Building design may be legally executed only by persons deemed
competent to do so by the state in which the building is to be constructed.

• Competency is determined on the basis of education, experience, and

ability to pass a written test of design skills.

– Architects are persons legally permitted to practice

architecture.
– Engineers are experts in specific scientific disciplines
and are legally permitted to design parts of buildings; in some cases,
complete buildings. In some states, persons licensed as building designers
are permitted to design certain types of buildings.
 Building Construction

• Building construction is generally performed by labourers

and craftspeople engaged for the purpose by an individual or
organization, called a contractor.

• The contractor signs an agreement, or contract, with the

building owner under which the contractor agrees to construct
a specific building on a specified site and the owner agrees to
pay for the
materials and services provided.
 Major Building systems
The simplest building system consists of
only two components.

• One component is a floor, a flat, horizontal

surface on which human activities can take
place.

• The other component is an enclosure that

extends over the floor and generally also around
it to provide shelter from the weather for human
activities.
 Structural System
• The portion of a building that extends above the ground level
outside it is called the superstructure.
• The portion below the outside ground level is called the
substructure.
• The parts of the substructure that distribute building loads to
the ground are known as foundations.

• In most buildings, the superstructure structural system

consists of:
– floor and roof,
– horizontal members that support them,
– and vertical members that support the other components.