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Class: Bsse Semester 5 Credit Hours (3)

This document discusses computer communication networks. It explains that data is converted into electromagnetic signals to transmit over physical media like wired or wireless networks. Analog signals are continuous waveforms while digital signals are discrete zeros and ones. Electromagnetic signals are created by oscillating electric and magnetic fields and propagate at the speed of light. Various physical media are used for transmission including twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics, broadcast radio, cellular radio and infrared. The document provides an overview of key concepts in computer networks like analog vs digital signals, electromagnetic wave properties, and physical network transmission media.

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55 views18 pages

Class: Bsse Semester 5 Credit Hours (3)

This document discusses computer communication networks. It explains that data is converted into electromagnetic signals to transmit over physical media like wired or wireless networks. Analog signals are continuous waveforms while digital signals are discrete zeros and ones. Electromagnetic signals are created by oscillating electric and magnetic fields and propagate at the speed of light. Various physical media are used for transmission including twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics, broadcast radio, cellular radio and infrared. The document provides an overview of key concepts in computer networks like analog vs digital signals, electromagnetic wave properties, and physical network transmission media.

Uploaded by

lovely person
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Communication and Networks

AJAZ KHAN BAIG

Class : BSSE SEMESTER 5


Credit Hours ( 3)
Introduction TO Computer Network

Lecture # 2

Communication Software, Channels And


Media

2 08/25/20
Key Learning Points

After studying Chapter (3), you will be able to describe:

Data
Signal
Electromagnetic signal
 properties
Digital and analog signals
Physical media
 Wireless
 wired

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Data

 Voice
 Video
 Image
 Text
 ………

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Signal
Signal
Data is sent over physical medium, needs to be

first converted into electromagnetic signals


 Data itself can be analog such as human voice

 Digital such as file on the disk

Data or information can be stored in two ways


 Analog

 Digital.

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Analog and Digital Signals
Analog:
 In wave form(voice)
 Analog signals are in continuous wave form in nature
 represented by continuous electromagnetic waves

Digital:
 In 0 and 1 form(text).
 Digital signals are discrete in nature and
represents sequence of voltage pulses
 Used within the circuitry of a computer
system

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Data Transmission

Electromagnetic signal???
Examples:
 Light is the example of an electromagnetic wave
 Electromagnetic waves include the microwaves you use

to heat up leftovers for dinner


 Radio waves that are broadcast from radio stations

7 08/25/20
Electromagnetic Wave/ Signals
How to create Electromagnetic signal???
 An electromagnetic wave can be created by accelerating

charges; moving charge back and forth will produce


oscillating electric and magnetic fields, and these travel
at the speed of light.
 A constant current produces a constant magnetic field
 A changing current produces a changing field
 An electromagnetic wave (such as a radio wave)
propagates outwards from the source (an antenna,
perhaps) at the speed of light.

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Electromagnetic signal
Properties:
 Carries no mass
 No medium is required

 Does carry energy

  Has momentum

 Can exert pressure

 Electric and magnetic fields create

electromagnetic waves

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Electromagnetic signal
Continue….
 Categorize by :
 Height (Amplitude)
 by their wavelength, or the distance between the

highest point of one wave, the crest, to the crest of


the next wave
 Frequency: One whole wave, from crest to crest is

called a cycle, (cycle/sec).


  measure frequency in hertz or Hz.

10 08/25/20
Communication Networks
Types of connections of computers into networks:

 Physical versus Wireless connections

The Physical Connection.


 Physically connect computers together.

 Use of wires or optical cables.

 The connections are called network links.

 Three most common physical links:

 Twisted pair

 Coaxial cable

 Fiber-optic cable

The 7-11
Computer
Continuum
Communication Networks
Physical Transmission Media

Twisted-pair cable:

 One or more twisted wires bundled together

 Made of copper

Fiber-optics:

 Made of glass or plastic used to transmit light

 Very high capacity, small size


Wireless Transmission Media

Broadcast Radio
 Distribute signals through the air over long distance
 Uses an antenna

 Typically for stationary locations

 Can be short range

Cellular Radio
 A form of broadcast radio used for mobile
communication
 High frequency radio waves to transmit voice or data
Wireless Transmission Media

Microwaves
 Radio waves providing high speed
transmission
 Must be line of sight.

 They are point-to-point

 Used for satellite communication

Infrared (IR)
 Wireless transmission media that sends
signals using infrared light- waves
Communication Systems
Summary
 Computer communication is to send and receive data/information. Data is
sent and received in two modes, analog and digital. Digital data is in binary (1
and 0) forms.

 Analog signal is in the form of electromagnetic. An electromagnetic wave can


be created by accelerating charges; moving charge back and forth will produce
oscillating electric and magnetic fields, and this travel at the speed of light.

 These waves are used to transmit over carrier/ medium with the speed of
light. These waves have some characteristics like amplitude, frequency and
phase. For transmission we use these characteristics to encode the signals for
transmission over long distances. Because digital data can’t be transmit over
long distances.

 There are two medium of transmission used for communication. Twisted pair,
coaxial cable, optic fiber is the examples of wire media and air is used for
wireless media/ electromagnetic signals.

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Key Terms
 Frequency:
One whole wave, from crest to crest is called a cycle, (cycle/sec).
 Hertz:
 Frequency measured in Hertz/ Hz.
 Amplitude:
 Distance between the highest points of one wave, the crest, to the crest of the next wave
 Cellular Radio:
Signals used for mobile communication
 Broadcast Radio:
Distribute signals through the air over long distance Uses an antenna.
Typically for stationary locations and Can be short range.
 Modulation:
To transmit data digitally it needs to be first converted to digital
form.

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Video link

http://playit.pk/watch?v=Le0IEwUdqB8

18 08/25/20

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