The Feasibility of Orange (Citrus sinensis)

Fruit peel and Isopropyl Alcohol as a Balm

  

Abstract
 
This study aims to produce a balm from Orange fruit peel and the Isopropyl Alcohol.

The purpose of this study is to be able to produce a low cost product and you can used it

everyday. The researcher wants to know if Orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel and Isopropyl Alcohol

can be a good and effective to be a balm. It is conducted to utilized new kind of pain reliever that

can be alternative to the balm that have in the market today.

As far as our community is concerned, the researcher make the study which can help the

people especially workers who experience pain due to 8 hours of work. It is affordable and made

from pure natural ingredients.

The success of the study have a great help and give benefit to the society as it serves as a

good replacement for expensive medicine to cure any body pain.

 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the introduction of the study. It contains the background of
the study, statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance of the study and the scope
and delimitation of the study.

A. Background of the Study

It is evident on this generation that there are kind of a balm which are commonly
use as healing portion on people that are suffering from different body pain. Many people
used many kind of balm that can be bought in any stores. However, it is not some kind of
an ointment that can heal to reduce any body pain. With this reason the researcher used
Orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel as raw material in producing a balm because it is very
effective and also it has an organic product that can be accessible in our surrounding.
 Balm is a product of any various substance in often medicinal value excluding

from certain plants, especially in tropical trees of the genus Commiphora and of the

Bursera family. It is an aromatic ointment that can usually use for healing, soothing

and mitigating pain, for such as those householder that have an overtime work in any

kind of hard duties. Thus, to solve this kind of a problem, the researcher make a

study of the feasibility of Orange fruit peel and the Isopropyl Alcohol as a balm to

improves even more to heal any body pain that can relief some bodily consciousness

for reducing soreness and discomfort that can be use by many people.
B. Statement of the Problem
This study aims to make a balm out of Orange fruit peel and the Isopropyl alcohol. Specially, it will
answer the following questions.
1. What are the properties of ingredient suitable to make a balm?
2. Is using Isopropyl Alcohol can absorb in manipulating Orange fruit peel to produce a balm?
3. What can be the result of balm in using the Orange fruit peel and the Isopropyl Alcohol?
Hypothesis:

There is no significant effect between the amount of soluble alcohol and the
number of Orange fruit peel that will be use.

C. Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the community, various individual commonly the
householder can consume less money because their tendency is not to buy one from store.
It also helps everyone feel comfortable from this product that is usually a pain reliever. In
addition, it helps to lessen the production of biodegradable garbage that can usually
transform into a more useful and effective product.
Moreover, it will be benefited to the parents for those who can’t afford an
expensive medicine in treating body pain. Also, it can assist for soothing any ailment which
is also have a pleasant scent for effectively calming, mitigating and comforting. It maintains
the stability to mitigate any risk on our body, because of this nothing can endure the pain.
 The result of the product will be significance to the future researcher because it can give
some information that makes easier for searching and collecting data. Also, it have a
prominent ideas that are completely and thoroughly thoughts. There are many facts and
details that are already organize.
 
D. Scope and Delimitation

The focus of this study is to determine the feasibility of Orange fruit peel and Isopropyl Alcohol as a
Balm. It utilized the Orange peel and Isopropyl Alcohol as a raw material in producing a balm and also it
doesn’t have much chemicals that can give any harmful effects to our body. Orange peel (of various
varieties) contains flavonoids and phenolic compounds. These compounds in bitter orange peel show
choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal activity. The essential oils comprise phenolic
compounds such as terpenes. D-limonene is a major active constituent. Orange peels actually contain
way more vitamin C than the orange pulp itself. It also contains a wealth of vital nutrients and other
wellness-promoting compounds, including dietary fiber and the oil from that peel, are used in multiple
ways. It has a numerous useful for the peel as both a disease fighter and an effective ingredient in
cosmetics, medicines, air fresheners, whiteners, cleaning agents, and even compost.
 However, the medicinal property of Orange fruit does not include on that study whereas it contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The flavonoids are

tangeretin, nobiletin, diosmin and hesperetin. Red (blood) oranges have much higher levels of the anti-inflammatory anthrocyanidins. It is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related Citrus aurantium referred to as bitter
orange. The sweet orange reproduces asexually varieties of sweet orange arise through mutations. Orange, any of several species of small trees or shrubs of the genus Citrus of the family Rutaceae and their nearly round fruits, which have
leathery and oily rinds and edible, juicy inner flesh. A number of species and varieties of orange are economically important namely the China orange also called the sweet or common the mandarin orange, some varieties of which are
called tangerines; and the sour, or Seville, which is less extensively grown. The fruit is a modified berry known as a hesperidium, and the flesh is divided into segments called carpels. The usual shape of the sweet-orange fruit is round and
the color of its pulp orange, but there are variations.
This study is conducted within less than six months including the experimentation and preparation of the write up on the Science Investigatory Project.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the review of related literature that will enrich the study.

As cited in https://www.britannica.com/plan/balm a balm is any of several aromatic herbs of the mint family, grown for their fragrant 
leaves. The best-known balm plant is Melissa officinalis, also called balm gentle or lemon balm, which is cultivated in temperate climates and
used as a scent in perfumery, as a flavouring in such foods as salads, soups, sauces, and stuffings, and as a flavouring in liqueurs, wine, and fruit
drinks. Aromatic exudations from species of Commiphora (trees and shrubs of the incense tree family Burseraceae) may also be referred to as
balms. Balm of Gilead, or balm of Mecca, is the myrrhlike resin from Commiphora gileadensis of the Arabian Peninsula.

As cited in http://www.tandfonline.com/orange-peel.html , Orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel belongs to the family Rotaceae. There are
over 600 varieties of Orange trees that can be found in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Orange peel also contains considerable
amounts of calcium, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, folate and other B vitamins and dietary fiber. The abundant vitamin C and anti-oxidants
in orange peels prevent your skin from getting too oily or dry. When applied to skin, they also work as a toner, removing dead cells and dirt and
tightening pores. They have an intense orange and bitter flavor, but the latter is often a clue that a food is healthy; the bitter taste is the result
of the many flavonoids that orange peels contain. The Orange peel of 12 cultivars of Citrus sinensis from Central Eastern Sicily was employed to
obtain essential oil and extracts. Fifty-four components were identified in the steam essential oil and forty-four in the extracts. In all the
cultivars, the main component is limonene (73.9-97%), discrete percentages of linalool, geraniol and nerol were also found, that are highly potent
and they can act individually as well as synergically to bring about many metabolic changes in the cellular level.
 Orange peel are thick finely textured and orange-colored skin of orange. It have several species of small trees or

shrubs of the Genus Citrus which have leathery and oily rinds, edible and juicy inner flesh. Since ancient times, they have

been valued for their curative properties. Orange peel are bursting with Vitamin C that is great immune booster. The

orange peel is actually the healthiest part of the whole fruit. As surprising as that might seem, research tells us that

orange peels are rich in flavonoids and several other important phytochemicals that offer various health benefits. Just to

give you an idea – while the orange flesh contains about 71 milligrams of vitamin C, the peel contains over 136 milligrams.

The peel is also replete with copper, calcium, magnesium, folate, vitamin A and other B vitamins.

A number of species and varieties of Orange fruit peel are economically important. It is an efficient cleaning agent

with a pleasant smell, promoted for being environmentally friendly and therefore, preferable to petrochemicals. Orange

peel also contains considerable amounts of calcium, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, folate and other B vitamins and

dietary fiber. They have an intense orange and bitter flavor, but the latter is often a clue that a food is healthy; the bitter

taste is the result of the many flavonoids that orange peels contain.

 According to http://www.drugs.com/dict/rubbing-alcohol.html ,Isopropyl alcohol (IUPAC name propan-2-

ol), also called isopropanol or dimethyl carbinol, is a compound with the chemical formula C3H8O or

CH3CHOHCH3 (sometimes represented as i-PrOH). It is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong 

odor.  It is used in the manufacture of acetone and glycerin. It is often used as the solvent in rubbing alcohol,

and some antifreeze and windshield wiper fluid. Most rubbing alcohol contains 70% isopropanol. As a propyl group

linked to a hydroxyl group, it is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is

attached to two other carbo atoms, sometimes shown as (CH 8)2CHOH. It is is a structural isomer of 1-propanol. It

has a wide variety of industrial and household uses, and is common ingredient in chemicals such as antiseptic,

disinfectants and detergents. The chemical formula of isopropyl alcohol is C3H8O, so there are three carbon (C)

atoms, eight hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. The chemical formula of isopropyl alcohol can be

written different ways. Isopropyl alcohol is a very commonly used substance - we use it more often than we are

aware of everyday. It is used for various purposes at home, as well as for different industrial processes and

pharmaceutical applications.
 Isopropyl alcohol is well known to cause ocular surface irritation, epithelial keratitis and occasional corneal
abrasion. Most commonly, isopropyl alcohol comes into contact with the eye surface during Goldman application. Other
possible means for exposure include household cleaners, cosmetic products, nail polish removers, paint thinners,
disinfectants, and antifreeze. Inhalational and transdermal exposure can be significant, and children have become
affected after sponge bathing. Adults may intentionally ingest isopropanol because it has twice the CNS depression as
ethanol. Its duration of action is also between two and four times longer, germs and harmful bacteria that can lead to
sickness and infection are most definitely a problem. The good thing is, isopropyl alcohol is a disinfectant, so it kills
these pesky germs and harmful bacteria. There are various products used in hospitals and our own homes that make use
of isopropyl alcohol. Supportive treatment for isopropyl alcohol intoxication includes circulatory support with fluids or
vasoconstrictors in patients with hypotension.Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase is not indicated since acetone is less
toxic than isopropanol.176Hemodialysis is indicated for patients with an isopropanol level of greater than 400 mg/dl who
also have significant CNS depression, renal failure, or hypotension. 170 Hemodialysis will remove both isopropanol and
acetone effectively. High efficiency membranes can produce clearance constants of greater than 200 ml/min for both
acetone and isopropanol.
Isopropyl alcohol is used as a liquid material to produce an oil in the Orange fruit peel. It is a chemical compound
of ingredients to give more odorous smell in the product of balm.
 According to study on the use of Guava leaves as a treatment balm this experiment have chosen to use guava leaves as healing

substance for minor injuries or for soothing pain. On the other hand, treatment balm may have side effects on other people like skin

allergies. Their skin may have a reaction on some of the substances contained in the ointment. The texture of the product can also be

greasy because it is mostly oil-based. As a result on the experiment, their was found out that the menthol components of the guava

leaves ointment can cure muscle pain, headaches and stomach aches, and it can also serve as an alternative pain reliever.

On the study that the researcher gathered the Orange fruit peel and the Guava leaves could be an efficient ingredient as an alternative

product to produce a balm. Because of that they are in related in terms on healing and soothing a body pain. Also, it can maximize the use

of readily available natural ingredients and at the same time help people save money because of the minimal cost required to make the

product. Another on that study is the components of each substance can cure muscle pain, head ache and stomach ache. So that, it can

lessen the external malfunction in our body. The balm is a better alternative to most brands for it is eco-friendly and effective in the

treatment of wounds and irritations It can create a product which is more affordable but can cope up with the quality of the brands.
 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design  
Peeling the Orange
Preparing the fruit
materials

Grating the
Orange peelings Drying the
Orange peelings

Mixing the Orange fruit Soaking the Orange

peelings and Isopropyl peelings into Isopropyl
Alcohol Alcohol

Putting in a small
container
B. Materials and Method

The following materials are needed in making this experiment: Orange

peel, Isopropyl Alcohol, spoon, grater, and containers.

In conducting the experiment, the researcher must follow the steps: First

prepare all the materials then peel the Orange fruit. Put the Orange peelings under

the sun. Grate the dried Orange peelings then mixed with tablespoons of Isopropyl

Alcohol and stir it. Mix thoroughly and soak for one week. Then get the extract and

put it in a small container.

Conceptual Framework
The following were obtained from the researcher’s search of pertinent literature as well as
the studies and conducted by other researcher which are relevant to the present day.

Input Process Output

Peeling
Orange peel
Isopropyl
Drying Balm
Alcohol Grating
Mixing
Stirring
Soaking
Putting
 In this study, the Orange peel and Isopropyl Alcohol were utilized as part of the input
variable. As for making of the product, processes are involved and considered: peeling,
grating, mixing, stirring, soaking, and drying. From those processes and potentials of
properties of the ingredients used, the researcher therefore conducted a study of Orange
fruit peelings and Isopropyl alcohol to turn into a balm.