Methods and Tools in Social Work: BY: Realjay Gumop-As

METHODS AND TOOLS IN
SOCIAL WORK
BY: Realjay Gumop-as

METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK
THE TRADITIONAL METHODS OF SOCIAL

WORK ARE DEFINED FOLLOWS:
1. SOCIAL CASEWORK IS A HELPING PROCESS
THAT CONSIST OF VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES
THAT MAY INCLUDE THE GIVING OF MATERIAL
ASSISTANCE,REFARRALS,TO OTHER
COMMUNITY FACILITIES,RENDERING
EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT
THROUGH SENSITIVE LISTENING,EXPRESSION
OF ACCEPTANCE AND REASSURANCE ;
MAKING SUGGESTIONS,APPROPRIATELY
ADVISING, AND SETTING LIMITS,
ENCOURAGING THE INDIVIDUAL TO EXPRESS
OR SUPPRESS HER/HIS FEELINGS.
HOLLIS IDENTIFIED FOUR MAJOR CASEWORK
PROCESS OR TECHNIQUES NAMELY:
A. ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION- THE

STEPS TAKEN BY A CASEWORKER TO
CHANGE THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE
CLIENT’S FAVOR THROUGH THE DIRECT
ACTION OF THE WORKER.
B. PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT- THIS IS
DEMONSTRATED THROUGH THE
CASEWORKER’S ACCEPTANCE,
CONFIDENCE, AND INTERST IN THE
CLIENT BY WAY OF MOTIVATING THE
CLIENTS TO FREELY EXPRESS HER/HIS
FEELINGS AND THOUGHTS.
C. CLARIFICATION- USUALLY THIS GOES ALONG
WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT AND THE
DOMINANT TONE IS UNDERSTANDING BY THE
CLIENT OF HER/HIMSELF, HER/HIS
ENVIRONMENT, AND PEOPLE WITH WHOM
S/HE IS ASSOCIATED.MORE SIGNIFICANTLY, IT
IS DIRECTED TOWARD INCREASING THE EGO’S
ABILITIY TO SEE EXTERNAL REALITIES MORE
CLEARLY TO UNDERSTAND THE CLIENT’S OWN
FEELINGS AND BEHAVIOR.
D. INSIGHT DEVELOPMENT- INVOLVES
CARRYING UNDERSTANDING TO A DEEPER
LEVEL THAN THAT DESCRIBED IN
CLARIFICATION WHEREIN CURRENT AND PAST
EXPERIENCES MUST BE RE-LIVED IN A
THERAPEUTIC ATMOSPHERE IN ORDER TO
BRING IRRATIONALITIES CLEARLY INTO THE
SURFACE AND THEY CAN BE RECOGNIZED
FROM THE SAFETY OF THE TREATMENT
SITUATION TO THE REAL LIFE LATER ON.
2. SOCIAL GROUP WORK- IS A PROCESS
AND METHOD THROUGH WHICH GROUP
LIFE IS AFFECTED BY A WORKER WHO
CONSCIOUSLY GUIDES THE INTERACTION
PROCESS TOWARD THE
ACCOMPLISHMENT OF GOALS WHICH
ARE CONCEIVED IN A DEMOCRATIC
FRAME OF REFERNCE (WILSON &
RYLAND, 1949 AS CIRED IN MENDOZA,
2002,P.609)
3. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION - IS A
PROCESS BY WHICH A COMMUNITY
IDENTIFIES ITS NEEDS OF OBJECTIVIES;
ORDERS (OR RANKS) THESE NEEDS OR
OBJECTIVIES FINDS THE INTERNAL OR
EXTERNAL RESOURCES TO DEAL WITH
THOSE NEEDS OR PBJECTIVIES, AND
DEVELOPS COOPERATIVE AND
COLLABORATIVE ATTITUDES AND
PRACTICES IN THE COMMUNITY.
4. SOCIAL ACTION/SOCIAL REFORM- IS A AN
ORGANIZED EFFORT WITH THE AIM OF SECURING
SOCIAL PROGRESS AND SOLVING MASS SOCIAL
PROBLEMS BY INFLUECING LEGISLATION OR THE
ADMINISTRATION OF SOCIAL SERVICES. THIS
INVOLVES PUBLIC PRESSURE BY PUBLIC OPINION
THROUGH INFORMATION OR EDUCATIONAL
PUBLICITY IN NEWSPAPERS, PAMPHLETS, LECTURES,
RADIO BROADCATS, TELEVISION, OR PUBLIC
MEETINGS. A CONCRETE FORM OF SOCIAL ACTION
IS THE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL LEGISLATION BY
PRESSURE UPON THE LEGISLATION.
5. SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH INVOLVES
A CRITICAL INQUIRY AND THE
SCIENTIFIC TESTING OF THE VALIDITY
OF SOCIAL WORK ORGANIZATION,
FUNCTION, AND METHODS IN ORDER
TO VERIFY, GENERALIZE ,AND EXTEND
SOCIAL WORK KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILL.
6. SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION IS THE
ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SOCIL
AGENCES DESIGNED AND ORGANIZED TO ACHIEVE
THE FULL EFFECT OF THE SERVICES FOR WHICH
THEY HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED. MANAGEMENT OF
SOCIAL AGENCIES IS ORIENTED TO AID PEOPLE
MORE EFFICIENTLY
FRIENDLANDER EXPALINS THE FUNCTIONS OF

SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION, THESE CAN BE
CATEGORIZED INTO SEVEN FUNCTIONS NAMELY:
A. PLANING- THIS IS THE PROCESS OF ENVISIONING THE
FUTURE STRUCTURE AND OPERATION OF THE SOCIAL
AGENCY INCLUDING THE DETERMINATION AND
CLARIFICATION OF THE AGENCY;S OBJECTIVES,
FUNCTIONS, AND POLICIES TO BE PURSUED.
B. ORGANIZING- THIS PROVIDES THE ADMINITRATIVE

STRUCTURE OF THE AGENCY AND DETERMINES THE
FUNCTIONS OF THE “GROUP OF ULTIMATE CONTROL”,
SUCH AS THE MEMBERS OF A PRIVATE FAMILY WELFARE
AGENCY, OF THE “GOVERING BOARD”, OF THE EXECUTIVE
AND OF THE STAFF.
C. STAFFING- THIS REFERS TO THE HUMAN
RESOURCES OR PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION,
WHICH INCLUDES THE REALIZATION OF THE
AGENCY’S TENURE, SALARIES,VACATIONS, AND
WORKING CONDITIOS, AND THE EVALUATION OF
THE PERFORMANCE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE
MEMBERS OF THE STAFF TO ENSURE EFFICIENT
SERVICE AND FAIR TREATMENT.
D. DIRECTING- THIS IS THE FUNCTION OF THE

EXECUTIVE INVOLVING THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR
FINAL DECISIONS AND FOR THE SUPERVISION OF
THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS OF THE AGENCY.
E. COORDINATION- THIS IS THE DISTINCT
DETERMINATION OF EACH STAFF MEMBER’S
ASSIGNMENT AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LINES
OF RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY.
F. REPORTING – THIS IS THE ADMINISTRATIVE

FUNCTION OF REBDERING TO THE GOVERING
BOARD, TO THE MEMBERSHIP OF LEGEISLATIVE
BODY, AND TO THE PUBLIC AN ACCOUNT OF THE
AGENCY’S WORK. THIS REQUIRES A SYSTEM OF
RECORDING AND ACCOUNTING, STATISTICS, AND
RESEARCH UPON WHICH THE REPORTS ARE BASED.
G. BUDGETING- THIS IS THE
MOBILIZATION, DISBURSEMENT, AND
CONTROL OF THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES
OF HE AGENCY. THIS ALSO INVOLVES THE
SETTING UP OF PROPER ACCOUNTS,
FISCAL RECORDS, AND CONTROLS TO
GUARANTEE THAT THE RECEIVED MINEY
IS SPNET WISELY AND IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE POLICIES AND RULES
GOVERING THE AGENCY.
TOOLS IN SOCIAL WORK

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Methods and Tools in Social Work: BY: Realjay Gumop-As

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METHODS AND TOOLS IN

BY: Realjay Gumop-as

THE TRADITIONAL METHODS OF SOCIAL

A. ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION- THE

FRIENDLANDER EXPALINS THE FUNCTIONS OF

B. ORGANIZING- THIS PROVIDES THE ADMINITRATIVE

D. DIRECTING- THIS IS THE FUNCTION OF THE

F. REPORTING – THIS IS THE ADMINISTRATIVE

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