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Collection of DATA:-Primary Data

Primary data is data collected firsthand for a specific research purpose. It has advantages like being original, reliable, and targeted, but is also time-consuming and costly to collect. Common sources of primary data include observation, schedules, questionnaires, interviews, and case studies. Observation can be structured or unstructured, and participant or non-participant. Schedules are sets of questions asked by an interviewer. Questionnaires are written surveys that can be distributed more widely but have lower response rates. Interviews can be conducted in-person or by phone, and be structured or unstructured. Case studies intensively examine a single or small number of units.

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46 views23 pages

Collection of DATA:-Primary Data

Primary data is data collected firsthand for a specific research purpose. It has advantages like being original, reliable, and targeted, but is also time-consuming and costly to collect. Common sources of primary data include observation, schedules, questionnaires, interviews, and case studies. Observation can be structured or unstructured, and participant or non-participant. Schedules are sets of questions asked by an interviewer. Questionnaires are written surveys that can be distributed more widely but have lower response rates. Interviews can be conducted in-person or by phone, and be structured or unstructured. Case studies intensively examine a single or small number of units.

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COLLECTION OF

DATA:-
PRIMARY DATA
Meaning and type of data
Data:
▰Data is a tool, which helps in understanding problems by
providing information.

▰Processed information is called data.

▰The success and failure of research depends upon quality of


data.
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DISCRETE

Quantitative
(categorical)

CONTINOUS

Data

Qualitative
(numerical)

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What is data collection?

Data collection is the systematic approach of gathering and


measuring information from a variety of sources to get a
complete and accurate picture of an area of interest.
 

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Steps in data collection

Identify issue for collecting data


Select issue and set goals
Plan for the approach and method
Collect data
Analyze and interpret
Act on result.
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PRIMARY DATA

 Primary data is the information that you collect for the purpose of your
research project.
 It is obtained through first hand experience.
 It is specifically tailored to your research needs.

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ADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY DATA

 Original and relevant


 Reliable
 Greater control
 Flexibility
 Targeted issues are addressed
 High accuracy 7
DISADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY DATA

 High cost
 Time consuming
 Inaccurate feedback
 More number of resources is required
 Not always feasible
 Effect of personal bias
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SOURCES OF PRIMARY DATA

Observation schedule

Interview
. Questionnaire

Case study
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1.OBSERVATION

It is commonly used in studies relating to


behavioural science.Under this method
observation becomes a scientific tool and
the method of data collection for the
researcher, when it serves a formulated
research purpose and is systematically
planned and subjected to checks and
controls.
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CLASSIFICATION

(a) Structured and (b)Participant , Non- (c) Controlled and


Unstructured participant Uncontrolled
observation observation observation

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ADVANTAGES

 Subjective bias is eliminated


 Data is not affected by past behaviour or future Intentions
 Natural behaviour of the group can be recorded

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DISADVANTAGES

 Expensive methodology
 Information provided is limited
 Unforeseen factors may interface with the
observational task

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2.SCHEDULE

A schedule is a structure of a set of questions


on a given topic which are asked by the interviewer or
investigator personally.

It includes open-ended and close-ended questions.

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TYPES OF SCHEDULE

 Village or community schedule

 Family and household schedule

 Opinion or attitude schedule

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3.Questionnaire

A series of questions designed to elicit information, which is


filled in by all participants in sample.

This can by gathered either by oral interview or by written


questionnaire.

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Questionnaire

ADVANTAGES
▰Cost effective.

▰Less time is consuming

▰Wide coverage

▰Original

▰Questionnaire are replicable

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Questionnaire

▰DISADVANTAGES

▰low response rate

▰There is no way to tell how truthful a respondent is being.

▰Some items may be misinterpreted.

▰This sample is limited to those who are literate.

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INTERVIEW:-

This method of data involves presentation of oral verbal stimuli and reply in
terms
of oral –verbal responses. It can be achieved by two ways:-

(A)Personal interview
It requires a person known as interviewer to ask questions generally in a face to
face
contact to the other person. it can be:-

Direct personal investigation


Indirect oral examination
Structured interviews
Unstructured interviews 19
Focused interview
Personal interview:

▰ADVANTAGES:
▰Accuracy
▰Originality
▰Greater flexibility
▰Misinterpretation can be avoided

LIMITATIONS:
Expensive method
Time consuming
Limited coverage
High skilled interviewer is required

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Telephonic interviews:

It requires the interviewer to collect information by contacting respondents on


telephone and asking questions or opinions orally.

ADVANTAGES
▰ It is flexible, fast and cheaper than other method.
▰ Recall is easy and there is higher rate of response
▰ No field staff is required.

▰ DISADVANTAGES
▰ Interview time is less.
▰ less information can be collected.
▰ Questions have to be short and simple.

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Case Study:

It is essentially an intensive investigation of the particular


unit under consideration. its important characteristics are
as follows:-

(a) The researcher can take one single social unit or more of such units for his
study purpose.

(b) the selected unit is studied intensively i.e. it is studied in minute details.

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▰THANK YOU
23

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