Introduction To Management: Mrs. G. S. Paranjpe
Introduction To Management: Mrs. G. S. Paranjpe
management
Mrs. G. s. paranjpe
Introduction to Management in Nursing
History, Definition, concepts and theories
Functions of management
Principles of management
Role of nurse as a manager and her
qualities
Unit - I
Introduction to Management in Nursing
Nursing management consists of the
performance of the leadership functions of
governance and decision-making within
organizations employing nurses. It
includes processes common to
all management like planning,
organizing, staffing, directing and
controlling.
Nursing management
Person/organization
Manager?
concept
BASIC OF DIFFERENCE ADMINISTERATION MANAGEMENT
NATURE OF WORK Its Concerned about the determination of
objectivise and major policies of an organization
Its Puts in to action the polices and plans laid down by the
administration TYPE OF FUNCATION Its Determinative function
Its An executive function SCOPE
Its take major decisions of an enterprise as a whole
Its take decisions within the framework set by the
administration LEVEL OF AUTHORITY Its top level Authority
Its Middle level authority NATURE OF STATUS
Its consists of owners who invest capital in
and receive profit from on organization
It’s a group of managerial personal who use their
specialized knowledge to fulfil the objective of an organization
difference
diference
diference
**
Its popular with government, educational institutes,
religious organizations Its used in business enterprises
DECISION MAKING Its decision are influenced by
public opinion, government polices, social and religious
factors Its decisions are influenced by
the value, opinion, and beliefs
of the managers MAIN FUNCTIIONS
Planning and Organizing functions are involved in it.
Motivation and controlling functions are involved in it
ABILITIES Its need administrative rather
then technical abilities Its require technical activities
NATURE OF USAGES
The nurses were usually young men, and only in special cases, women were
taken for conducting childbirth. The progress of nursing in India was obstructed by
the low state of women, the caste system, illiteracy
Military nursing was the earliest type of nursing. In 1664 the East India Company
started a hospital for soldiers in a house at Fort St.George, Madras
The first sisters were sent from St.Thomas Hospital, London to this military
hospital. In 1797 a Lying - in Hospital (maternity) for Madras.
In 1854 the Government sanctioned a training school for midwives in Madras.
Florence Nightingale was the first woman to have great influence over nursing in
India and had a close knowledge of Indian conditions, especially army. She was
interested in the nursing service for the civilian population, though her first interest
was the welfare of the army in India.
St Stephens Hospital at Delhi was the first one to begin training the Indian girls as
nurses in 1867. In 1871, the first School of Nursing was started in Government
General Hospital, Madras with 6 months Diploma Midwives program with four
midwife students.
Between 1890 and 1900, many schools, under either missions or government,
were started in various parts of India.
history
In 1908, the trained nurses association of India was formed
In 1926, Madras State formed the first registration council to provide basic
standards in education and training. ▰
The first four year basic Bachelor Degree program were established in 1946 at
the RAK college of nursing in Delhi and Vellore.
In 1947, after the independence, the community development programme and the
expansion of hospital service created a large demand for nurses, auxiliary nurse
midwives, health visitors, midwives, nursing tutors and nursing administrators.
The Indian Nursing Council was passed by our ordinance on December 31st 1947.
The council was constituted in 1949.
The development of Nursing in India was greatly influenced by the Christian
missionaries, World War, British rule and by the International agencies such as
W.H.O. UNICEF, Red Cross, UNSAID etc.
The first master’s degree course, a twoyear postgraduate program was begun in
1960 at the College of Nursing, Delhi. The associations such as International
Council of Nurses, the nurses auxiliary of the CMA of India, T.N.A.I. Indian
Nursing council and State level Registration Council are closely connected with
promotion and the upliftment of the nursing profession.
history
The concept (an abstract idea) of management is not fixed. It has changing
according to time and circumstances. The concept of management has been
used in integration and authority etc.
Different authors on management have given different concepts of mana
gement.
The main concepts of management are as follows:
I. Functional Concept:
II. Leadership and Decision
III. Productivity Concept
IV. Universality Concept:
THE CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT.
According to this concept 'management is what a manager does’.
The functional concept as given by some of the authors is given belo
w
Henry Fayol, "To manage is to forecast (Predict or Estimate), and plan,
to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control.
James L. Lundy, “Management is principally the task of planning, coord
inating,
motivating and controlling the effort of others towards a specific objecti
ve.
George R. Terry, "Management is a distinct (recognizable or Clear) pro
cess
consisting of planning, organizing, activating and controlling performed
to determine and accomplish
(Fulfill) the objective by the use of human beings and other resources."
Functional Concept:
According to this concept, "management is an art of increasing productivity."
Economists treat management as an important factor of
production. According to them, "Management is also a factor
of production like land, labour, capital and enterprise
Jon, F. Mee, "Management may be defined as the art of securing maximum
prosperity with a minimum of effort so as to secure maximum prosperity and
happiness for both employer and employee and give the public the best possible
service."
F. W. Taylor, "Management is the art of knowing what you want to do in the best
and cheapest way."
Marry Cushing Niles, "Good management achieves a social objectives with the
best use of human and material energy and time and with satisfaction of the
participants and the public.
Productivity Concept
According to this concept, "Management is universal".
Management is universal in the sense that it is applicable
anywhere whether social, religious or business and industrial.
Henry Fayol, "Management is an universal activity
which is equally applicable in all types of organization
whether social, religious or business and industrial".
Megginson, "Management is management, whether it is in Lisb
on, or in London or in Los Angeles."
Theo Haimann, "Management principles are universal. It may b
e applied to any
kind of enterprises, where the human efforts are coordinated.
IV. Universality Concept:
DEFINITION-
Management theories are the set of general rules th
at guide the managers to manage an organization
Theories are explanations to assist employees to
effectively relate to the organization goals and impl
ement effective means to achieve the same.
The study in the development of Management
theories can
be useful to nursing leaders in creating their own
management style.
NURSING MANAGEMENT THEORY
They could be categorized into four main fo
cuses.
1. Scientific Management Theory. (Taylor)
2 . Administrative & Management Theory. (
Hendry Fayal - 1841-1925)
3. Human Relations Theory. (Elton Mayo )
4. Behavioural Science Theory.
(Douglas McGregor)
1
Frederick W. Taylor’s
Taylor is the Father of Scientific Management
Machine Model – viewed man as a means of production (economic
man model)
Productivity at the level of the worker (skills, physical attributes)
His management said reduced wasted efforts, set standards for
performance, encourage specialization and, stress the selection of
qualified workers who could be developed for a particular job.
Basic Principles of the Machine Model
▻Division of labour and specialization
▻ Unity of command and centralization of decision- making
▻ One way authority
▻Narrow span of control (the area of activity and no of functions,
people or things ,)
. Scientific *Management
Theory. (Taylor)
Treated administration as a process as opposed to the prevailing pr
actice where in administration is under control of specialists.
According to Fayol, administrative management was concerned or fo
cused on the formal
organization structure and the delineation of the basic processes of
general management:
▻ Planning – examining the future and drawing up the plan of action
▻
Organizing – building up the structure, material, human resources of
the undertaking
▻ Command – maintaining activity among the personnel
▻ Coordination – binding together
▻ Control – conformity
Administration
Luther Gullick and Lyndall Urwick (1937) i
ncorporated (Formed in to
legal Corporation)Fayol’s theory into Amer
ican administration – “Duties
of an administrator” ▰ Planning ▰
Organizing ▰ Staffing ▰ Directing ▰
Coordinating ▰ Reporting ▰ Budgeting
legal Corporation
3 Human Relations Theory
Elton Mayo, one of fathers of human relations movement
Basic principles of human relations from Mayo and
Hawthorne experiments:
a. Social norms and supervision
b. The group or democratic administration
c. Rewards and sanctions
Hawthorne Studies
Conducted by Western Electric industrial engineers to
examine the effect of various illumination levels on
workers productivity
Mayo concluded that behaviour and sentiments were
closely related, that group influences significantly affected
individual behaviour, that group standards established
individual worker’s output, and that money was less a
factor in determining output than group standards
3. Human Relations Theory. (Elt
on Mayo ).
.
. 4. Behavioural Science (Douglas McGregor-1932)
Proposed by Douglas McGregor
Theory X: essentially negative view of people- little ambition, dislik
e
work, avoids responsibility, and needs to be closely directed to wor
k effectively
Theory Y: positive view – people can exercise self- direction, accept
responsibility and consider work to be as natural as rest or play.
Theory Y assumptions best captured true nature of workers and
should guide management practice.
4. Behavioural Science