PERCEPTION
Meaning of
perception
Perception is a cognitive process of selection
, organization and interpretation of raw data
that has been received from sensory organs.
In other words Perception is a process by
which individuals organize and interpret their
sensory impressions in order to give meaning
to their environment.
However, what we perceive can be substantially
different from objective reality.
Individuals may look at the same thing ,but perceive it
differently.
A number of factors operate to shape our perception.
Factors That Influence
Perception
Factors in the
situation
Factors in
the target
Perceptio
n
Factors in
the Perceiver
Factors in the Perceiver
Attitude : The attitude of the perceiver
will affect his perception
Motives : Unsatisfied needs or motives
stimulate individuals and may exert a
strong influence on their perceptions.
Interests : perception is influenced by
our interests , because our individual
interests differ considerably.
Experience: Our past experience
mould the way we perceive the
current situation.
Expectations: Expectations
affect the perception of a
person.
Factors in the situation
Time
Work setting
Social setting
(The situation in which the interaction between
the perceiver and the target takes place,has
an influence on the perceiver’s impression of
that target)
Factors in the target
Novelty
Motion
Sounds
Size
Background
Proximity
Similarity
(Characteristics of the person who is being
observed can affect what is perceived.)
The Link Between
PERCEPTON and DECISION MAKING
Individual decision making is an important part of
organizational behavior . But how individuals make
decisions and the quality of choices are largely
influenced by their perceptions.
Every decision requires us to interpret and evaluate
information. We receive data from multiple sources.
The decision makers perception will decide which
data is relavant to the decision and which is not.
Social Perception
Although the sense and subprocess provide
understanding of the overall perceptual
process, most relevant to the study of OB is
social perception, which is directly concerned
with how one individual perceives other
individuals.
Characteristics of
Perceiver and Perceived
• Perceiver
1.Knowing oneself makes it easier to see
others accurately.
2.One’s own characteristics affect the
characteristics one is likely to see in others.
3.People who accept themselves are more
likely to be able to see favorable aspects of
others .
Perceived
The status of the person perceived will
greatly influence others perception of the
person.
The person being perceived is usually placed
into categories to simplify the viewer’s
perceptual activities.
The visible traits of the person perceived will
greatly influence others perception of the
person.
Common Shortcuts in Judging
Others
We use number of shortcuts when we judge
others . These techniques are frequently
valuable . They allow us to make accurate
perceptions rapidly.
Selective Perception
Any characteristic that make a person , an
object ,or an event stand out will increase the
probability that we will perceive it .
Because it is impossible for us to assimilate
everything we see , we can take in only
certain stimuli .
Halo Effect
Halo effect means perceiving a person on the
basis of one trait.
Here perception is made on the basis of a
single positive trait such as inteligence
,appearance etc…
Contrast Effect
Contrsat effect means our reaction to a
person is influenced by other we have
recently encountered
Stereotyping
The term stereotyping refers to the tendency
to perceive another person as belonging to a
single class or category.
We rely on this because they help us to make
decision quickly.
