GLOBALISATION

MRS CASMALLY
25.06.20
Definition
• Globalisation is a process by which
economies and cultures have been drawn
deeper together and have become more
inter-connected through global networks
of trade, capital flows, and the rapid
spread of technology and global media. 
• After centuries of technological progress
and advances in international cooperation,
the world is more connected than ever. 
History of Globalisation
• Since ancient times, humans have sought distant places to settle, produce,
and exchange goods enabled by improvements in technology and
transportation. But not until the 19th century did global integration take off.
• Following centuries of European colonization and trade activity, that first
“wave” of globalization was propelled by steamships, railroads and other
breakthroughs, and also by increasing economic cooperation among
countries.
• The globalization trend eventually declined and crashed in the catastrophe
of World War I, followed by the Great Depression, and World War II.
• After World War II in the mid-1940s, the United States led efforts to revive
international trade and investment under negotiated ground rules, starting a
second wave of globalization, which remains ongoing, though buffeted by
periodic downturns and mounting political scrutiny.
Characteristics
• Greater trade in goods and services both between nations and within regions
• Spatial division of labour– for example out-sourcing and off shoring of
production and support services as production supply-chains has become more
international. As an example, the iPhone is part of a complicated global supply
chain. The product was conceived and designed in Silicon Valley; the software
was enhanced by software engineers working in India. Most iPhones are
assembled / manufactured in China and Taiwan by TNCs such as FoxConn.
• High levels of labour migration within and between countries
• Increasing spending on investment, innovation and infrastructure across large
parts of the world
• Globalisation is a process of making the world economy more inter-dependent
EXAMPLES OF GLOBALISATION

• The Olympics began in ancient Greece and continue today. Now, people from all across the globe
come together to compete in a wide array of sports and games.
• The FIFA World Cup has more viewers than any other sporting event in the world. Even though
only a handful of countries compete all the way through to the finals, people all across the globe
sit down and watch the same match on TV, no matter their location.
• Travel and tourism allows for the globalization of many things, like the exchange of money,
cultures, ideas and knowledge. There are countless options to make travel more affordable,
including budget airlines and low-rate hostels. This allows people to explore further and wider
than was ever possible before.
• The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that promotes cooperation in many areas
including human rights, peace, and economic development. With one phone call or email, people
from all across the globe can come together to ensure the rights of human beings are protected.
• Organizations such as the Red Cross can respond more swiftly to disasters around the world. They
have a wider network, more offices, and staff members who are willing to travel or even relocate
in the wake of natural disasters.
Advantages
• It augments the flow of technology, education, medicines, etc., to these countries which are a
real blessing.
• Globalization expects to create ample job opportunities as more and more companies can
extend their presence to different parts of the world.
• Multinational companies can establish their presence in developing countries.
• Globalization gives educational aspirants from developing and underdeveloped countries
more quality learning opportunities. It leads not only to the pursuit of best higher education
but also to cultural and language exchanges.
• Globalization also enhances a faster flow of information and quick transportation of goods
and services. Moreover , one can order any item from anywhere merely sitting at home. E.g :
Ebay, ASOS and AliExpress
• Another plus point of globalization is the diminishing cultural barriers between nations as it
offers free access and cultural interactions. Also, it has been observed that there is a
considerable reduction of poverty worldwide due to globalization. In addition to this, it also
enables the effective use of resources.
Disadvantages

• Globalization turned out to be a significant threat to the cottage and small-scale

industries as they have to compete with the products of multi-national companies.
• Another dangerous effect of globalization is the condition of weak sections of the
society, as they are getting poorer and the rich are getting richer. The situation leads
to the domination of economically rich countries over emerging countries and the
increase of disparity.
• The actions of multi-national companies are deplorable and always facing criticism
from various social, government and world bodies as they are incompetent in offering
decent working conditions for the workers.
• Globalization is also blamed to have paved the way for human trafficking, labor
exploitation and spread of infectious diseases too. In addition to all these, if any
economic disaster hit a country and if they subsequently suffer from economic
depression, its ripples are felt deeply in other countries as well. E.g : think of COVID-
19
• Many critics have also pointed out that globalization has negative effects on
the environment. Thus, the massive development of transport that has been
the basis of globalization is also responsible for serious environmental
problems such as greenhouse gas emissions, global warming or air pollution.
• At the same time, global economic growth and industrial productivity are both
the driving force and the major consequences of globalization. They also have
big environmental consequences as they contribute to the depletion of natural
resources, deforestation and the destruction of ecosystems and loss of 
biodiversity. The worldwide distribution of goods is also creating a big garbage
problem, especially on what concerns plastic pollution.
Examples of Globalisation
• Because of trade developments
and financial exchanges, we
often think of globalization as an
economic and financial
phenomenon. Nonetheless, it
includes a much wider field than
just flowing of goods, services or
capital. For instance:
• Economic globalization: is the
development of trade systems
within transnational actors such
as corporations or NGOs;
• Financial globalization:
Financial globalization can
be defined as the
movement of investments
and financial services across
international borders. Stock
markets, for instance, are a
great example of the
financially connected global
world since when one stock
market has a decline, it
affects other markets
negatively as well as the
economy as a whole.
• Cultural globalization: refers to the interpenetration of cultures which,
as a consequence, means nations adopt principles, beliefs, and costumes
of other nations, losing their unique culture to a unique, globalized
supra-culture;
• Political globalization: the development and growing influence of
international organizations such as the UN or WHO means governmental
action takes place at an international level. There are other bodies
operating a global level such as NGOs like Doctors without
borders or Oxfam;
• Sociological globalization: information moves almost in real-time, together with
the interconnection and interdependence of events and their consequences.
People move all the time too, mixing and integrating different societies;
• Technological globalization: the phenomenon by which millions of people are
interconnected thanks to the power of the digital world via platforms such as
Facebook, Instagram, Skype or Youtube. The growth of the technological
revolution has created a global village.The internet, cell phones etc.
• Geographic globalization: is the new organization and hierarchy of different
regions of the world that is constantly changing. Moreover, with transportation
and flying made so easy and affordable, apart from a few countries with
demanding visas, it is possible to travel the world without barely any restrictions;
• Ecological globalization: accounts for the idea of considering planet Earth as a
single global entity – a common good all societies should protect since the
weather affects everyone and we are all protected by the same atmosphere. To
this regard, it is often said that the poorest countries that have been polluting
the least will suffer the most from climate change.
Cultural Example- Globalisation.
• Together with economic and financial globalization, there has
obviously also been cultural globalization. Indeed, the multiplication
of economic and financial exchanges has been followed by an
increase in human exchanges such as migration, expatriation or
traveling.
• These human exchanges have contributed to the development of
cultural exchanges. This means that different customs and habits
shared among local communities have been shared among
communities that (used to) have different procedures and even
different beliefs.
• Good examples of cultural globalization are, for instance, the trading of
commodities such as coffee or avocados. Coffee is said to be originally from
Ethiopia and consumed in the Arabic region. Nonetheless, due to commercial
trades after the 11th century, it is nowadays known as a globally consumed
commodity. 
• Avocados, for instance, grown mostly under the tropical temperatures of
Mexico, the Dominican Republic or Peru. They started by being produced in
small quantities to supply the local populations but today guacamole or
avocado toasts are common in meals all over the world.
• At the same time, books, movies, and music are now instantaneously
available all around the world thanks to the development of the digital world
and the power of the internet.
• These are perhaps the greatest contributors to the speed at which cultural
exchanges and globalization are happening. There are also other examples of
globalization regarding traditions like Black Friday in the US, the Brazilian
Carnival or the Indian Holi Festival.
• They all were originally created following their countries’ local traditions and
beliefs but as the world got to know them, they are now common traditions
in other countries too.
Conclusion

• Despite all its disadvantages, globalization has transformed the entire

globe into a single market irrespective of its region, religion, language,
culture, and diversity differences.
• It also leads to an increase in demand for goods, which in turn calls
for more production and industrialization. O
• ur focus should be to minimize the risks and maximize the positive
outcome of global policy, which in turn can help for a sustainable
long-standing development for people all around the world.
• French Médecins Sans
Frontières (MSF),
international humanitarian
group dedicated to Oxfam is a global
providing medical care to organization working to end
people in distress, including the injustice of poverty. They
victims of political violence help people build better
and natural disasters
futures for themselves, 
hold the powerful accountabl
e
, and save lives in disasters.
Their mission is to tackle the
root causes of poverty and
create lasting solutions.
• The role of Transnational
Corporations (TNCs) is particularly
important – these are companies that
produce goods in more than one
country, and they are oriented to
global markets and global products,
many are household names such as
McDonald’s, Coca Cola and Nike.