Kymograph: Sudhakar Lakavath Tutor Dept - Of.Pharmacology KMC/WGL
Kymograph: Sudhakar Lakavath Tutor Dept - Of.Pharmacology KMC/WGL
Kymograph: Sudhakar Lakavath Tutor Dept - Of.Pharmacology KMC/WGL
SUDHAKAR LAKAVATH
TUTOR
DEPT.OF.PHARMACOLOGY
KMC/WGL.
History
It was invented by German Physiologist
Carl Ludwig in the 1840s
He used to monitor/ record changes of
blood pressure
Its primary use was to measure
phenomena such as changes in
muscular contractions or other
physiological processes, including
speech sounds.
Kymographs were also used to measure
atmospheric pressure, tuning fork
vibrations and the functioning of steam Carl Friedrich Wilhelm
Ludwig
engines.
History contd…
Characteristics:
Portable, solid, durable, runs noiselessly, steadily, reliably and
reassuring.
It can also shift rotational speed in a large range. The instrument is
simply assembled and convenient to servicing.
Evolution of kymograph
Pulley driven
Drum measuring
24"x12"
Horizontal Kymograph
Evolution of kymograph
Horizontal Kymograph
Electric kymograph
Evolution of kymograph
Clock work kymograph is designed
to revolve at practically any speed
From 1 revolution in about 5secs.
4. Digital kymograph
Horizontal kymograph
Types of kymograph contd…
Vertical kymograph
Types of kymograph contd…
Digital kymograph
Harvard long
paper
Kymograph
Parts of Student Kymograph
Electric motor: runs on single phase 220 volts Alternating
Current (AC)
Parts of Kymograph contd…
Shaft:
connected to motor
vertically and can be
rotated at different
speed
slowest: 0.12mm/sec
fastest : 640mm/sec
Gear box
Parts of Kymograph contd…
A lever is employed for
changing gears.
The lever has two prongs, two
prongs have to be pressed
together to move it up or down
for engaging at particular speed
slot.
One slot marked (N) Neutral
where the gear gets disengaged
from the motor.
Fastest: 320 / 640 mm/sec
Slowest: 0.12 / 0.25 mm/sec
Gear box
Clutch
Clutch :
Clutch lever which engages or disengages the gear.
This is used to start or stop the drum and must be used every
time before changing the gears.
This prevents the damage to gear.
The cylinder may be rotated easily by hand when the clutch
lever is in horizontal (OFF) position.
Clutch
Engage Disengage
Parts of Kymograph contd….
Contact Block:
A contact block is fitted on
the top of kymograph body
at level of striker.
Contact Block
Parts of Kymograph contd….
It has a spring contact bearing ,a
plastic button and two electrical
terminal.
When these terminal are included in
primary circuit, this circuit will be
completed only when the striker
pushes the spring contact into bring
the two platinum points into contact
with each other.
Thus contact block terminals function
as simple key in primary circuit.
Their purpose being to mark the point
of stimulation on the recording surface.
Parts of Kymograph contd….
Contact button:
specially designed key mounted on kymograph
It gets closed momentarily when rotating projected striker
presses upon it.
Contact
knob
Parts of Kymograph contd….
Contact arm /
Projecting strikers:
A pair of these are fixed to
base of vertical shaft.
They can be kept closed
together or drawn apart to form
any desired angle between
them.
The two arms of striker can be
drawn apart when two stimuli
one after the other are required.
Projecting striker
Parts of Kymograph contd….
On each rotation of drum,
the contact button will be pressed
either once or twice in close
association at a precise interval of
time.
Projecting striker
Parts of Kymograph contd…
Drum:
Sherrington starling Drum
It is made up of aluminum alloy
6" × 6" (15cm x 15cm)
cylinder with white glazed
paper pasted on it.
Drum is mounted on the shaft
of kymograph
Drum grip latch provided on
top of drum fixes the drum to
axle and prevents drum from
sliding down the shaft. Kymograph with Sherrington
starling drum
Parts of Kymograph contd…
Drum grip latch provided on top of drum fixes the drum to axle
and prevents drum from sliding down the shaft
Parts of Kymograph contd…
Leveling screws:
Two leveling screws are provided at base which help in proper
leveling of kymograph in horizontal plain.
Leveling screws
Uses of kymograph
Physiology:
1. It is used to study physiological parameters in dog, rat, frog,
guinea pig, rabbit…etc like
Blood pressure
Intestinal movements
Heart rate
Splenic and kidney volume changes
Tracing should be taken at least one inch above the lower edge of
drum.
Tip of writing lever should touch the smoked surface evenly and
lightly.
THANK
YOU