ANALYSIS OF CABLE BRIDGE

PREPARED BY:- SIJAN SHRESTHA

ENROLLMENT NO.:- 19523026
M. TECH (STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr. VIPUL PRAKASH

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

IIT, ROORKEE
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
OBJECTIVES & CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
CABLE BRIDGE AND ITS TYPE

Figure 1 : Cable-stayed bridge and suspension bridge

Reference: Technologystudent.com
TYPES OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
• On the basis of symmetry
– Symmetric Cable-stayed bridge

– Unsymmetric Cable-stayed bridge

• On the basis of cable arrangement

– Mono shaped cable stayed bridge

– Harp shaped cable-stayed bridge

– Fan shape cable-stayed bridge

– Star shaped cable-stayed bridge

Figure 2 : Types of cable stayed bridge on the basis of cable arrangement
Reference: Quora.com
LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
Deck Slab

Girder

Cable Stays

Pylons

Foundation

Soil

Figure 3 : Chart showing load transfer mechanism of

cable stayed bridge
IMPORTANCE OF STUDY

• Change in bridge profile due to various effects on bridge has been one of the major problem

being faced on the construction of cable-stayed bridge.

• The study is carried out using forward analysis, taking an account of all the affecting factors

like creep, shrinkage, relaxation and temperature.

• So, study on these effects is very important for the successful completion of the construction

process.
LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR CABLE STAYED BRIDGE

1) Linear analysis

• Analysis done, without considering the deformation of the system.

2) Non-linear analysis

• The analysis done considering the deformation of different member of the system.

3) Dynamic analysis

• Concerned with the aerodynamic forces and seismic behaviour

• Response of bridge under earthquake action.

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

Figure 4 : A single tower cable-stayed bridge [3]

Figure 5 : Stage 1:Replacing cable-stay connection with roller[3]

support
Figure 6 : Stage 2: Tension forces in the cable [3]
METHOD USED FOR PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

1. Analysis of slab
– Deck of bridge is analysed by Pigeaud's theory.

2. Analysis of cross-girder
– The heaviest wheel is placed on the line of cross

girder such that there is max. bending moment.

– Distribution of dead load is done as shown in figure:

Figure 7 : Load distribution of slab dead load to girder

METHOD USED FOR PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
3. Analysis of longitudinal girder
– Influence line for bending moment and reaction are plotted for critical section to get max bending

moment and reaction.

4. Analysis of cable-stay
– Influence line for the cable forces = Influence line of reaction at corresponding support * (1 / sinα)

– Cable force = Load intensity * Area of ILD covered by the Load.

5. Analysis of tower
– Designed as a compressive member with bending as per design aids of reinforced concrete (SP-16) for

dead, live and wind load.

METHOD OF ERECTION OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE

• Most widely used technique is erection by cantilever method as it is the logical solution for
construction of cable-stayed bridge.

• Erection by cantilever method is done in two ways:

– Single cantilevering system

– Double cantilevering system

Figure 8 : Erection of cable-stayed bridge by
single cantilevering method[4]
VARIATION OF BRIDGE PROFILE DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGES

Figure 9: Tangent position of new segment Figure 10 : Change in stay length in

deformed configuration
TIME DEPENDENT FACTORS AFFECTING DESIRED PROFILE.

1) Concrete creep,

2) Concrete shrinkage,

3) Temperature.
MODELLING OF CONCRETE CREEP AND SHRINKAGE (ACI 209)

• Compressive strength fc(t) at age t (days) can be expressed in terms of the value of

compressive strength at age 28 days fc(28) as:

fc(t)=fc(28)/(a+bt)

where a and b that depend on the cement type and method of curing.

• Modulus of elasticity of the concrete Ec(t) can be expressed in terms of compressive

strength at time (t), fc(t) as:

Ec(t) = 0.043 [w3fc(t)]1/2

MODELLING OF CONCRETE CREEP AND SHRINKAGE (ACI 209)

• Creep coefficient ϕc(t,t0) at time t (days) for a constant stress applied at the loading age t0 is :

where ϕcu is the ultimate creep coefficient whose value can be taken as 2.35γc

• Equation for prediction of shrinkage strain εsh is given by:

where, f is constant dependent on the curing conditions

ts is the age of concrete at initiation of drying (days),
εshu is the ultimate shrinkage strain = 780γsh × 10-6 m/m.
FORWARD PROCESS ANALYSIS

• It is like doing analysis of every steps which we do in the various stage of construction.

• Analysis of bridge system will be done on each stage from the stage of extrapolation of

girder to installation of the stay cable till the bridge is completed totally.

• The process of forward stage analysis can be understood from flowchart in fig 2.8.
Figure 11 : Flowchart for Forward process analysis of cable-stayed
bridge[4]
BACKWARD PROCESS ANALYSIS

• After the modelling of the full model of bridge, we analyse it in the reverse direction by

removing a girder or a pair of girder on the main span.

• The model without the exterior girders, are remodelled and re-analysed for the dead load

and the internal forces for determination of new shape and new member forces.

• Effect of creep and shrinkage cannot be considered here.

• The process of backward process analysis can be understood from flowchart in fig 2.9.
Figure 12 : Flowchart for Backward process analysis of cable-stayed bridge[4]
OBJECTIVES AND
CONCLUSION
OBJECTIVES

• To carry-out preliminary analysis of cable-stayed bridge by the method of influence line, for

further analysis.

• To study and predict the behaviour of bridge during the different construction phases of the

cable-stayed bridge using different construction staged analysis.

• To carry out the process of forward and backward analysis, to predict the profile of bridge at

different construction stages and to bring the desired profile of bridge to reasonable limit.
CONCLUSION

• Not getting the desired profile, has became a serious problem in cable-stayed bridge

construction.

• Adjustment required on the bridge element, are suggested to compensate the undesired

profile of the bridge to allowable limit.

• Construction stage analysis is very important to perform prior to construction for successful

completion of construction.

• In this thesis, construction stage analysis is being performed and studied to counter these

serious problem occurring in the construction of cable-stayed bridge.

REFERENCES

1. Puneet Garg, & Rajesh Chaturvedi. Analysis of cable stayed bridge for different structural model Volume

08, issue 07 IJERT.

2. Murkute, U.T, & Karale, S.A. Design and analysis of cable stayed bridge.

3. Shivendra Kumar. Preliminary design of cable stayed bridge using influence lines.

4. Ming-yi Liu, & Pao-Hsii Wang. Initial shapes of Cable-Stayed Bridges during Construction by Cantilever

Method - Numerical Simulation and Validation of the Kao Ping Hsi Bridge.

5. M.F. Granata, P.Margiotta, M. Aricia and A. Recupero. Construction stages of cable-stayed bridges with

composite deck.
REFERENCES

6. M.F. Granata, P.Margiotta, M. Aricia and A. Recupero. Creep Effects And Stress Adjustments In Cable-

Stayed Bridges With Concrete Deck

7. Pao-Hsii Wang *, Tzu-Yang Tang and Hou-Nong Zheng. Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridges During

Construction by Cantilever Method

8. M.S , Troitsky, Cable-stayed bridges: Theory and design, 1977

THANK YOU.