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Brain Computer Interface: Presented by

The document discusses brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), which allow direct communication pathways between human brains and external devices. It provides an overview of BCIs, including their definition as a collaboration that allows a brain to control a mechanical device. The document outlines several BCI approaches including EEG-based systems, BCIs for treating tetraplegics, and brain-controlled robots. It also discusses current BCI development projects and potential future applications in healthcare, military, and other fields.

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Anam Chandra
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249 views35 pages

Brain Computer Interface: Presented by

The document discusses brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), which allow direct communication pathways between human brains and external devices. It provides an overview of BCIs, including their definition as a collaboration that allows a brain to control a mechanical device. The document outlines several BCI approaches including EEG-based systems, BCIs for treating tetraplegics, and brain-controlled robots. It also discusses current BCI development projects and potential future applications in healthcare, military, and other fields.

Uploaded by

Anam Chandra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BRAIN COMPUTER

INTERFACE

Presented by:
A. Krishna Prasad
Regd. No.: 06841A1220
Information Technology
ATRI
Brain Computer Interface
from fiction
to reality ...
In the futuristic vision of the Wachowski brothers' movie
trilogy "The Matrix", humans dive into a virtual world by
connecting their brains directly to a computer..

MOVIE FICTION:THE MATRIX


OVERVIEW
Definition
General Principle
Background
Component
Simplified model of BCI
Training of BCI system
Current BCI approaches
EEG Based BCI
BCI for Tetraplegics
Brain controlled robots
Present Development and Future
Applications
BCI for Healthy Users
Advantages
Computational Challenges
Future Expansion
Conclusion
DEFINITION

A Brain Computer
Interface (BCI) is a
collaboration in which
a brain accepts and
controls a mechanical
device as a natural part
of its representation of
the body.
GENERAL PRINCIPLE

(a) (b) (c)

(a) In healthy subjects, primary motor area sends movement


commands to muscles via spinal cord.
(b) In paralyzed people this pathway is interrupted.
(c) Computer based decoder translates this activity into
commands for muscle control.
BACKGROUND
Signals from an array of

neurons read.

Cerebral electric activity recorded.

Signals are amplified.

Transmitted to computer

Transformed to device control commands.

Using computer chips and

programs.

Signals translated into


action.
BASIC COMPONENTS
The implant device,
or chronic multi-
electrode array
The signal recording
and processing
section
An external device
the subject uses to
produce & control
motion
A feedback section to
the subject
Implant Device
Conduct electricity
Biocompatible
material(teflon)
Placed on the scalp
Chemically inert
Provide the electrical contact
recording apparatus
between the skin and the
EEG
Signal Processing Section
Multichannel Acquisition Systems
Spike Detection
SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF THE BCI
SYSTEM
TRAINING OF BCI SYSTEM
Two different approaches:
Pattern Recognition
Approach
Operant Conditioning
Approach
CURRENT BCI APPROACHES

BCI
APPROAC
HES

SEMI- NON-
INVASIVE
INVASIVE INVASIVE
EEG Based BCI
Electroencephalography
(EEG) is a method used in
measuring the electrical
activity of the brain.
The basic frequency of the
EEG range is classified
into five bands for
purposes of EEG analysis
called brain rhythms .
The alpha rhythm is one of
the principal components
of the EEG and is an
indicator of the state of
alertness of the brain.
Development of BCI
Early work
Algorithms to reconstruct movements from motor cortex
neurons, which control movement were developed in 1970s.
The first Intra-Cortical Brain-Computer Interface was built by
implanting neurotrophiccone electrodes into monkeys.
After conducting initial studies in rats during the 1990s,
researchers
developed Brain Computer Interfaces that decoded brain activity
in
monkeys and used the devices to reproduce monkey movements
in
BCI forrobotic
Tereaplegics
arms.
Brain controlled
Present Robot
Developments
'BRAINGATE' BCI
ATR and HONDA's new BCI
BCI2000
BCI for Tetraplegics
6- channel EEG BCI used.
Sensory & motor cortices
activated during attempts.
Control scheme sends
movement intention to
Prosthetic Controller.
Prosthetic returns force
sensory information to
Controller.
Feedback processed and
grip is adjusted.
BRAIN CONTROLLED ROBOTS

Robot hand mimics subject's


finger movements.

Signals extracted and


decoded by computer
program.

Transferred to hand shaped


robot.

To simulate original
movement performed.

Robot executes commands


using onboard sensor
readings.
BRAINGATE BCI

The 'Braingate' device can provide motor-impaired patients a


mode of communication through the translation of thought into
direct computer control.
FEATURES OF BRAINGATE BCI
Neural Interface Device.

Consists of signal sensor and


external processors.

Converts neural signals to output


signals.

Sensor consists of tiny chip with


electrode sensors.

Chip implanted on brain surface.

Cable connects sensor to external


signal processor.

Create communication o/p using


decoding software.
ATR & HONDA DEVELOP NEW BCI
BCI for manipulating
robots using brain signals.
Enables decoding natural
brain activity.
MRI based neural decoding.
No invasive incision of
head and Brain.
By tracking haemodynamic
responses in brain.
Accuracy of 85%
BCI2000
BCI2000 is an open-source, general-
purpose system for BCI research.
It can also be used for data acquisition,
stimulus presentation, and brain
monitoring applications.
During operation, BCI2000 stores data
in a common format (BCI2000 native or
GDF).
BCI2000 also includes several tools for
data import or conversion and export
facilities into ASCII.
BCI2000 also facilitates interactions
with other software.
BCI APPLICATIONS
Medical applications(restoration of a
communication channel for patients with locked-
in syndrome and the control of neuroprostheses
in patients affected by spinal cord injuries )
Military applications
Counter terrorism(10 times faster image search)
multimedia and virtual reality applications
BCI FOR HEALTHY USERS

Induced disability.
Ease of use in hardware.
Ease of use in software.
Otherwise unavailable
information.
Improved training or
performance.
Confidentiality.
Speed.
Novelty.
DRAWBACKS
EEGs measure tiny voltage
potentials.The
signal is weak and prone to
interference.
Each neuron is constantly
sending and
receiving signals through a
complex web
of connections.There are
chemical
COMPUTATIONAL CHALLENGES
AND
FUTURE IMPLEMENTATIONS

Minimally invasive surgical methods.


Next generation Neuroprosthesis.
Vision prosthesis.
BCI for totally paralyzed.
Minimal number of calibration trials.
Development of telemetry chip to collect
data without external cables.
CONCLUSION
A potential therapeutic tool.

BCI System is nominated for the


European ICT Grand Prize.

Potentially high impact


technology.
REFERENCES
www.howstuffworks.com
www.techalone.com
www.brainlab.org
Brain-computer -interface #
Invasive-BCIs.
Berlin Brain- Computer Interface
Brain Computer Interface,
www.wikipedia.org
www.betterhumans.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Thank you

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